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Samuel Rahbar (Persian: سموئیلِ رهبر Samu'il-e Rahbar May 12, 1929 - November 10, 2012) was an Iranian scientist who discovered [1] the linkage between diabetes and HbA1C, a form of hemoglobin used primarily to identify plasma glucose concentration over time. Rahbar was born into a Jewish family in the Iranian city of Hamedan in 1929.
There are several ways to measure glycated hemoglobin, of which HbA1c (or simply A1c) is a standard single test. [5] HbA1c is measured primarily to determine the three-month average blood sugar level and is used as a standard diagnostic test for evaluating the risk of complications of diabetes and as an assessment of glycemic control .
Diabetes is diagnosed by testing the level of sugar or glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) in the blood. [11] [12] Type 1 diabetes can typically be distinguished from type 2 by testing for the presence of autoantibodies [11] and/or declining levels/absence of C-peptide. There is no known way to prevent type 1 diabetes. [5]
The condition known today as diabetes (usually referring to diabetes mellitus) is thought to have been described in the Ebers Papyrus (c. 1550 BC). Ayurvedic physicians (5th/6th century BC) first noted the sweet taste of diabetic urine, and called the condition madhumeha ("honey urine").
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1380: Madhava of Sangamagrama discovers the most precise estimate of π in the medieval world through his infinite series, a strict inequality with uncertainty 3e-13. 15th century: Parameshvara discovers a formula for the circumradius of a quadrilateral. [114] 1480: Madhava of Sangamagrama found pi and that it was infinite.
1932 Antielectron (or positron), the first antiparticle, discovered by Carl D. Anderson [13] (proposed by Paul Dirac in 1927 and by Ettore Majorana in 1928) : 1937 Muon (or mu lepton) discovered by Seth Neddermeyer, Carl D. Anderson, J.C. Street, and E.C. Stevenson, using cloud chamber measurements of cosmic rays [14] (it was mistaken for the pion until 1947 [15])
1994: The first breast cancer gene is discovered. BRCA I was discovered by researchers at the King laboratory at UC Berkeley in 1990 but was first cloned in 1994. BRCA II, the second key gene in the manifestation of breast cancer was discovered later in 1994 by Professor Michael Stratton and Dr. Richard Wooster.