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It can be used to determine the fraction of liquid and solid phases for a given binary composition and temperature that is between the liquidus and solidus line. [ 1 ] In an alloy or a mixture with two phases, α and β, which themselves contain two elements , A and B, the lever rule states that the mass fraction of the α phase is
where is the liquid phase composition with molfraction for fluid component i, and and are the gas phase and total fluid compositions, respectively. For a non-Newtonian fluid (in the sense of a generalized Newtonian fluid ), the constitutive equation for shear viscosity is also a function of the shear velocity gradient:
The non-random two-liquid model [1] (abbreviated NRTL model) is an activity coefficient model introduced by Renon and Prausnitz in 1968 that correlates the activity coefficients of a compound with its mole fractions in the liquid phase concerned. It is frequently applied in the field of chemical engineering to calculate phase equilibria.
A phase is a form of matter that is homogeneous in chemical composition and physical state.Typical phases are solid, liquid and gas. Two immiscible liquids (or liquid mixtures with different compositions) separated by a distinct boundary are counted as two different phases, as are two immiscible solids.
In addition to the classification by particle size, dispersions can also be labeled by the combination of the dispersed phase and the medium phase that the particles are suspended in. Aerosols are liquids dispersed in a gas, sols are solids in liquids, emulsions are liquids dispersed in liquids (more specifically a dispersion of two immiscible ...
In the atmosphere, the suspended particles are called particulates and consist of fine dust and soot particles, sea salt, biogenic and volcanogenic sulfates, nitrates, and cloud droplets. Suspensions are classified on the basis of the dispersed phase and the dispersion medium , where the former is essentially solid while the latter may either ...
Phase diagrams with more than two dimensions can be constructed that show the effect of more than two variables on the phase of a substance. Phase diagrams can use other variables in addition to or in place of temperature, pressure and composition, for example the strength of an applied electrical or magnetic field, and they can also involve ...
Mixing of liquids A and B and subsequent phase separation When mixed, oil and vinegar will phase-separate A phase diagram for two isotopes of helium, showing at bottom a range of temperatures and ratios at which they will phase-separate. Phase separation is the creation of two distinct phases from a single homogeneous mixture. [1]