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The external debt of India is the debt the country owes to foreign creditors. The debtors can be the Union government, state governments, corporations or citizens of India.. The debt includes money owed to private commercial banks, foreign governments, or international financial institutions such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Ba
This is a list of countries by external debt: it is the total public and private debt owed to nonresidents repayable in internationally accepted currencies, goods or services, where the public debt is the money or credit owed by any level of government, from central to local, and the private debt the money or credit owed by private households or private corporations based on the country under ...
By the end of the 1980s, India was in serious economic trouble. External debt of India (1970–2020) One of the main causes of the crisis was the accumulation of foreign debt. In the 1980s, India had borrowed heavily from international lenders, in part to finance infrastructure projects and industrialization.
India's share of global industrial output declined from 25% in 1750 to 2% in 1900. [14] From 1600 to 1871 the ratio of GDP per capita in India to that in Britain fell from more than 60% to less than 15%. [16] India's national debt ballooned under British rule, and half of India's revenue was being siphoned to foreign countries, primarily England.
[1]: 81 A debt instrument is a financial claim that requires payment of interest and/or principal by the debtor to the creditor in the future. Examples include debt securities (such as bonds and bills), loans, and government employee pension obligations. [1]: 207 Net debt equals gross debt minus financial assets that are debt instruments.
A debt restructuring plan, where the government agrees with other countries, or unilaterally reduces its debt repayments; Requiring assistance from the International Monetary Fund or another international source; Debts could be owed either to private parties within a country, to foreign investors, or to other countries.
A country's gross external debt (or foreign debt) is the liabilities that are owed to nonresidents by residents. [ 1 ] : 5 The debtors can be governments , corporations or citizens. [ 1 ] : 41–43 External debt may be denominated in domestic or foreign currency.
India's foreign exchange reserves are built through foreign capital inflows instead of a current account surplus like in the case of Russia or China. Additionally, the central bank is forced to raise interest rates in order to arrest some of the capital outflows hence reducing domestic demand and accompanying economic effects.