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Internal structure of Europa. The blue represents a subsurface ocean. Such subsurface oceans could possibly harbor life. [55] Europa may have a liquid ocean beneath its icy surface, which may be a habitable environment. This potential ocean was first noticed by the two Voyager spacecraft, and later backed by telescope studies from Earth.
The aim of Europa Clipper is to explore Europa in order to investigate its habitability, and to aid in selecting sites for a future lander. The Europa Clipper would not orbit Europa, but instead orbit Jupiter and conduct 45 low-altitude flybys of Europa during its envisioned mission. The probe would carry an ice-penetrating radar, short-wave ...
Beyond that, tidal heating might play a role for a moon's habitability. In 2012, scientists introduced a concept to define the habitable orbits of moons; [50] they define an inner border of an habitable moon around a certain planet and call it the circumplanetary "habitable edge". Moons closer to their planet than the habitable edge are ...
The oceans of Europa may be habitable, according to a new model developed by NASA. This moon — 3,100 km (1,900 miles) in diameter — is the fourth-largest moon orbiting Jupiter.
NASA launched Europa Clipper on Monday, Oct. 14. The spacecraft will reach Jupiter's moon Europa in 2030 and investigate if life could survive there.
The effect of tides caused by Europa's gravitational interactions with Jupiter - the solar system's largest planet - and two other large Jovian moons, Io and Ganymede, also may have played a role.
(Currently only Io, Europa and Ganymede participate in the 1:2:4 resonance.) [93] 1.5–1.6 billion The Sun's rising luminosity causes its circumstellar habitable zone to move outwards; as carbon dioxide rises in Mars's atmosphere, its surface temperature increases to levels akin to Earth during the ice age. [83] [94] 1.5–4.5 billion
The mass of a potentially habitable exoplanet is between 0.1 and 5.0 Earth masses. [18] However it is possible for a habitable world to have a mass as low as 0.0268 Earth Masses. [58] The radius of a potentially habitable exoplanet would range between 0.5 and 1.5 Earth radii. [18]