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Some sulfides are named by modifying the common name for the corresponding ether. For example, C 6 H 5 SCH 3 is methyl phenyl sulfide, but is more commonly called thioanisole, since its structure is related to that for anisole, C 6 H 5 OCH 3. The modern systematic nomenclature in chemistry for the trival name thioether is sulfane. [2]
Akin to the chemistry of alcohols, thiols form sulfides, thioacetals, and thioesters, which are analogous to ethers, acetals, and esters respectively. Thiols and alcohols are also very different in their reactivity, thiols being more easily oxidized than alcohols. Thiolates are more potent nucleophiles than the corresponding alkoxides.
The bond dissociation energies for dimethyl sulfide and dimethyl ether are respectively 73 and 77 kcal/mol (305 and 322 kJ/mol). Sulfides are typically prepared by alkylation of thiols. Alkylating agents include not only alkyl halides, but also epoxides, aziridines, and Michael acceptors. [6]
Some metal sulfides, when exposed to a strong mineral acid, including gastric acids, will release toxic hydrogen sulfide. Organic sulfides are highly flammable. When a sulfide burns it produces sulfur dioxide (SO 2) gas. Hydrogen sulfide, some of its salts, and almost all organic sulfides have a strong and putrid stench; rotting biomass ...
Treatment of sulfur with hydrogen gives hydrogen sulfide.When dissolved in water, hydrogen sulfide is mildly acidic: [5] H 2 S ⇌ HS − + H +. Hydrogen sulfide gas and the hydrosulfide anion are extremely toxic to mammals, due to their inhibition of the oxygen-carrying capacity of hemoglobin and certain cytochromes in a manner analogous to cyanide and azide.
Thiophenol is an organosulfur compound with the formula C 6 H 5 SH, sometimes abbreviated as PhSH. This foul-smelling colorless liquid is the simplest aromatic thiol.The chemical structures of thiophenol and its derivatives are analogous to phenols, where the oxygen atom in the hydroxyl group (-OH) bonded to the aromatic ring in phenol is replaced by a sulfur atom.
Thiol–disulfide exchange showing the linear intermediate in which the charge is shared among the three sulfur atoms. The thiolate group (shown in red) attacks a sulfur atom (shown in blue) of the disulfide bond, displacing the other sulfur atom (shown in green) and forming a new disulfide bond. Thiolates, not thiols, attack disulfide bonds.
The main purpose of chemical nomenclature is to disambiguate the spoken or written names of chemical compounds: each name should refer to one compound. Secondarily, each compound should have only one name, although in some cases some alternative names are accepted. Preferably, the name should also represent the structure or chemistry of a compound.