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The Temple tax (מחצית השקל, lit. ' half shekel ') was a tax paid by Israelites and Levites which went towards the upkeep of the Jewish Temple, as reported in the New Testament. [1] Traditionally, Kohanim (Jewish priests) were exempt from the tax.
The exceptional purity helps explain why the Jerusalem Temple priests specifically required Tyrian shekels for Temple tax payments. The money-changers referenced in the New Testament Gospels (Matt. 21:12 and parallels) provided Tyrian shekels in exchange for Roman currency when this was required. [6] [7]
The Apostle Peter paying the temple tax with a coin from the fish's mouth, by Augustin Tünger, 1486. Tilapia zilli ("St. Peter's fish"), served in a Tiberias restaurant.The coin in the fish's mouth is one of the miracles of Jesus, recounted in the Gospel of Matthew 17:24–27.
An Introduction to the New Testament, Doubleday (1997) ISBN 0-385-24767-2; Brown, Raymond E. The New Jerome Biblical Commentary, Prentice Hall (1990) ISBN 0-13-614934-0; Funk, Robert W. (1998). The Acts of Jesus: The Search for the Authentic Deeds of Jesus. with the Jesus Seminar. HarperSanFrancisco. Miller, Robert J.
Because Roman coinage was only 80% silver, the purer (94% or more) Tyrian shekels were required to pay the temple tax in Jerusalem. The money changers referenced in the New Testament Gospels (Matt. 21:12 and parallels) exchanged Tyrian shekels for common Roman currency. [14] [15]
A related term, the korbanas, is found in the New Testament (Matthew 27:6) where the money of Judas Iscariot cannot be received into the temple "treasury", or κορβανᾶς korbanas, because it is "blood money". Josephus explains this term korbanas as the temple treasury – ton hieron thesauron, kaleitai de korbanas (War of the Jews 2.9.4 ...
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The half-shekel Temple tax [12] The dough offering (challah) [13] The meat of Israelites' sin- and guilt-offerings [14] Various priestly gifts: terumah gedolah, Bikkurim (First-fruits), herem, bechor, pidyon haben [15] The first tithe [16] Terumat maaser [17] Spoils given to Eleazar after the war with Midian [18]