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  2. Livonian War - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livonian_War

    The Livonian War (1558–1583) concerned control of Old Livonia (in the territory of present-day Estonia and Latvia).The Tsardom of Russia faced a varying coalition of the Dano-Norwegian Realm, the Kingdom of Sweden, and the Union (later Commonwealth) of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland.

  3. Treaty of Pozvol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Pozvol

    Conclusion of the Treaty of Pozvol in 1557. Painting by Maurycy Gottlieb, 1874.. The Treaty or Peace of Pozvol, Pasvalys or Pozwol was a peace treaty and an alliance concluded on 5 and 14 September 1557 between the Livonian Confederation and the Polish-Lithuanian union, whereby the former put its territories under Polish-Lithuanian protection. [1]

  4. List of wars involving the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_the...

    Date Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results 1558–1583 [1]: Livonian War [1]. Russian invasion of Livonia (1558–1560) [2] Lithuanian–Muscovite war (1562–1570)

  5. Truce of Yam-Zapolsky - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truce_of_Yam-Zapolsky

    Stephen Báthory near Pskov.Painting by Jan Matejko, 1872. Truce of Yam-Zapolsky, orange indicates territories recovered by Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The Truce or Treaty of Yam-Zapolsky (Ям-Запольский) or Jam Zapolski, signed on 15 January 1582 between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Tsardom of Russia, was one of the treaties that ended the Livonian War. [1]

  6. Kingdom of Livonia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Livonia

    The Kingdom of Livonia [a] was a nominal state in what is now the territory of Estonia and Latvia.Russian tsar Ivan IV declared the establishment of the kingdom during the Livonian War of 1558–1583, but it never functioned properly as a polity.

  7. Livonians - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livonians

    Also, a Livonian language choir was founded and Livonian song festivals were held along the entire Livonian Coast. Furthermore, a Livonian flag was adopted, with the colours green (for the forests), white (for the beaches) and blue (for the sea), and a division similar to the Latvian flag (three horizontal bars with the middle one-half as wide ...

  8. Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livonian_campaign_of...

    The Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory (also referred to as the Russo-Polish War) [3] took place in the final stage of the Livonian War, between 1577 and 1582. Polish–Lithuanian forces led by Stephen Báthory successfully fought against the army of Russian tsar Ivan IV ("the Terrible") over the Duchy of Livonia and Polotsk.

  9. Treaty of Vilnius (1561) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Vilnius_(1561)

    After a civil war starting in 1556, the pro-Polish faction gained the upper hand. [2] With the Treaty of Pozvol, concluded in 1557, the Livonian Confederation had turned to Poland–Lithuania for protection, triggering Ivan IV of Russia's intervention in what was to become the Livonian War. [4]