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Relay interneurons have long axons and connect circuits of neurons in one region of the brain with those in other regions. [5] However, interneurons are generally considered to operate mainly within local brain areas. [6] The interaction between interneurons allows the brain to perform complex functions such as learning and decision-making.
Multipolar neurons constitute the majority of neurons in the central nervous system. They include motor neurons, and also interneurons (relay neurons), which are most commonly found in the cortex of the brain and the spinal cord. Peripherally, multipolar neurons are found in autonomic ganglia. [1]
It promotes stabilization of head position by innervating the neck muscles, which helps with head coordination and eye movement. Its function is similar to that of the tectospinal tract. The lateral vestibulospinal tract provides excitatory signals to interneurons, which relay the signal to the motor neurons in antigravity muscles. [6]
The trisynaptic circuit or trisynaptic loop is a relay of synaptic transmission in the hippocampus. The trisynaptic circuit is a neural circuit in the hippocampus, which is made up of three major cell groups: granule cells in the dentate gyrus, pyramidal neurons in CA3, and pyramidal neurons in CA1. The hippocampal relay involves three main ...
Neurons communicate with other cells via synapses, which are specialized connections that commonly use minute amounts of chemical neurotransmitters to pass the electric signal from the presynaptic neuron to the target cell through the synaptic gap. Neurons are the main components of nervous tissue in all animals except sponges and placozoans.
An additional set of neurons, known as the koniocellular layers, are found ventral to each of the magnocellular and parvocellular layers. [3]: 227ff [4] This layering is variable between primate species, and extra leafleting is variable within species. The average volume of each LGN in an adult human is about 118mm. (This is the same volume as ...
Matrix cells of the thalamus, or calbindin-immuno-reactive neurons (CIR neurons), are widely distributed and diffusely dispersed in each of the nuclei of the dorsal thalamus. In comparison, parvalbumin immuno-reactive neurons ( PIR neurons ) can be found only in principal sensory and motor relay nuclei, and in the pulvinar nuclei as well as the ...
The middle pair (K3 and K4) relays input from short-wavelength cones to the cytochrome-oxidase blobs of primary visual cortex (V1). The dorsal-most pair (K5 and K6) relays low-acuity visual information to layer I of V1. The ventral-most pair (K1 and K2) appears closely tied to the function of the superior colliculus.