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The health effects of long-term nicotine use is unknown. [137] It may be decades before the long-term health effects of nicotine vapor inhalation is known. [259] It is not recommended for non-smokers. [11] Public health authorities do not recommend nicotine use for non-smokers. [81]: 58 The pureness of the nicotine differs by grade and producer ...
The health effects of long-term nicotine use is unknown. [18] It may be decades before the long-term health effects of nicotine e-cigarette aerosol inhalation is known. [19] Short-term nicotine use excites the autonomic ganglia nerves and autonomic nerves, but chronic use seems to induce negative effects on endothelial cells. [20]
Although some evidence indicates that e-cigarettes are less addictive than smoking, with slower nicotine absorption rates, [13] [14] long-term e-cigarette safety remains uncertain. [15] [16] One issue is the need to separate the effects of vaping from the effects of smoking among users who both vape and smoke. [note 4] [17]
A 2018 review stated, "Manufacturers of e-cigs claim that their products are nontoxic, but multiple adverse effects including pneumonia, wheezing and coughing have been associated with them." [148] E-cigarettes are promoted as being safe to use in contrast to traditional cigarettes, though they are not absence of hazardous substances. [149]
The long-term effects of e-cigarette use are unknown. [46] [47] [48] The risk from serious adverse events was reported in 2016 to be low. [49] Less serious adverse effects include abdominal pain, headache, blurry vision, [50] throat and mouth irritation, vomiting, nausea, and coughing. [51] Nicotine itself is associated with some health harms. [52]
The emphasis of immediate financial benefits to those who concern themselves with the short-term over the long-term, partnering with shelters to reduce the social acceptability of smoking in this population, and increased taxes on cigarettes and alternative tobacco products to further make the addiction more difficult to fund.
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The LD 50 of nicotine is 50 mg/kg for rats and 3 mg/kg for mice. 0.5–1.0 mg/kg can be a lethal dosage for adult humans, and 0.1 mg/kg for children. [19] [20] However the widely used human LD 50 estimate of 0.5–1.0 mg/kg was questioned in a 2013 review, in light of several documented cases of humans surviving much higher doses; the 2013 review suggests that the lower limit causing fatal ...