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Peter Bryan Conrad Matthews FRS (23 December 1928 – 2 March 2020) was a British physiologist who made particular contributions to the study of muscle spindles. [1] He was elected as fellow of the Royal Society in 1973. [2] He was the Professor of Sensorimotor Physiology at the University of Oxford and a fellow of Christ Church.
Bengt Saltin (3 June 1935 — 12 September 2014) was a Swedish professor in exercise physiology, who spent parts of his career in Denmark.. After starting his medical studies at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden, in the 1950s, he commenced his doctoral studies at the Department of Physiology at the Royal Gymnastic Central Institute (GCI/GIH) in Stockholm in 1960.
He received his undergraduate degree in biochemistry from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1975 and his PhD from Harvard in physiology and biophysics in 1984. [1] He then spent a year as research instructor in physiology at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, and then obtained an appointment as an assistant professor at the University of Texas at Austin.
Together they discovered in 1954 the mechanism of muscle contraction, popularly called the "sliding filament theory", which is the foundation of our modern understanding of muscle mechanics. In 1960 he became head of the Department of Physiology at University College London. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1955, and President in ...
Reciprocal inhibition is a neuromuscular process in which muscles on one side of a joint relax to allow the contraction of muscles on the opposite side, enabling smooth and coordinated movement. [1] This concept, introduced by Charles Sherrington , a pioneering neuroscientist , is also referred to as reflexive antagonism in some allied health ...
Perimysium is a sheath of dense irregular connective tissue that groups muscle fibers into bundles (anywhere between 10 and 100 or more) or fascicles. Studies of muscle physiology suggest that the perimysium plays a role in transmitting lateral contractile movements .
To elicit muscle contraction, the muscle is stimulated by a series of electrical pulses delivered by an electrode to stimulate either the motor nerve or the muscle tissue itself. Simultaneously, a computer-controlled servo motor in the testing apparatus oscillates the muscle while measuring the force generated by the stimulated muscle.
In vitro muscle testing has provided the bulk of scientific knowledge of muscle structure and physiology, and how both relate to organismal performance. Stem cell research relies on in vitro muscle testing to establish sole muscle cell function and its individual behavior apart from muscle cells in the presence of nonmuscle cells seen in in ...