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2. Three-surface aircraft - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-surface_aircraft

   The central wing surface always provides lift and is usually the largest, while the functions of the fore and aft planes may vary between types and may include lift, control and/or stability. In civil aircraft the three surface configuration may be used to give safe stalling characteristics and short takeoff and landing (STOL) performance. It ...

3. Fore-and-aft rig - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fore-and-aft_rig

   Fore-and-aft rigs include: Rigs with one mast: the proa, the catboat, the sloop, the cutter; Rigs with two masts: the ketch, the yawl; Rigs with two or more masts: the schooner; Barques and barquentines are partially square rigged and partially fore-and-aft rigged. A rig which combines both on a foremast is known as a hermaphroditic rig.

4. Running rigging - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Running_rigging

   Topping lifts, which hold booms and yards aloft. [1] Brails run from the leech of a fore-and-aft rigged sail (a spanker or lateen mizzen, for example) to the gaff and mast and serve the same function as buntlines: to haul in the sail when furling. In this case, however, the action is more horizontal than vertical, hauling the sail forwards ...

5. List of ship directions - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ship_directions

   Fore or forward: at or toward the front of a ship or further ahead of a location (opposite of "aft") [1] Preposition form is "before", e.g. "the mainmast is before the mizzenmast". Inboard: attached inside the ship. [14] Keel: the bottom structure of a ship's hull. [15] Leeward: side or direction away from the wind (opposite of "windward"). [16]

6. Canard (aeronautics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canard_(aeronautics)

   Some, including the Wrights, experimented with both fore and aft planes on the same aircraft, now known as the three surface configuration. After 1911, few canard types would be produced for many decades. In 1914 W.E. Evans commented that "the Canard type model has practically received its death-blow so far as scientific models are concerned." [12]

7. Yard (sailing) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yard_(sailing)

   As well, some smaller fore and aft rigs use a yard. The spar at the head of a lug sail – a roughly square sail which is set fore-and-aft but requires different handling from a more modern gaff or Bermuda rig – is known as a yard, and probably developed from the original square-rig yard.

8. Rigging - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rigging

   Fore-and-aft the system of tensioning start with the stays that are anchored in front of each mast. Shrouds are tensioned by pairs of deadeyes , circular blocks that have the large-diameter line run around them, whilst multiple holes allow smaller line— lanyards —to pass multiple times between the two and thereby allow tensioning of the shroud.

9. Tandem wing - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tandem_wing

   The high-mounted fore wing and low-mounted aft wing arrangement is also sometimes treated as an extreme staggered biplane and referred to as the Nénandovich biplane. [ 3 ] Interference effects between the two wings can make a tandem layout less efficient in cruise than the equivalent conventional design, however examples such as the Scaled ...