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The Carbonari (lit. ' charcoal burners ' ) was an informal network of secret revolutionary societies active in Italy from about 1800 to 1831. The Carbonari may have further influenced other revolutionary groups in France , Portugal , Spain , Brazil , Uruguay , the Ottoman Empire , and Russia . [ 1 ]
The lion, hit by a sword, is dedicated to the Carbonari soldiers, who died in the wars of 1820. He is author of the angels in the facade of Naples Cathedral who carry the symbols of Saint Januarius, on the tower at the right side, and a large statue of Giovanni Paisiello located in the vestibule of the San Carlo Theater in Naples.
The exact qualifications for labeling a group a secret society are disputed, but definitions generally rely on the degree to which the organization insists on secrecy, and might involve the retention and transmission of secret knowledge, the denial of membership or knowledge of the group, the creation of personal bonds between members of the organization, and the use of secret rites or rituals ...
Typographical symbols and punctuation marks are marks and symbols used in typography with a variety of purposes such as to help with legibility and accessibility, or to identify special cases. This list gives those most commonly encountered with Latin script. For a far more comprehensive list of symbols and signs, see List of Unicode characters.
The Carbonari condemned Napoleon III (who, as a young man, had fought on their side) to death for failing to unite Italy, and the group almost succeeded in assassinating him in 1858, when Felice Orsini, Giovanni Andrea Pieri, Carlo Di Rudio and Andrea Gomez threw three bombs at him. Many leaders of the unification movement were at one time or ...
Redshirts at the Battle of Domokos. The Redshirts (Italian: Camicie rosse or Giubbe rosse), also called the Red coats, are volunteers who followed the Italian patriot Giuseppe Garibaldi during his campaigns.
A FBI document obtained by Wikileaks details the symbols and logos used by pedophiles to identify sexual preferences. According to the document members of pedophilic organizations use of ...
The Permanent Instruction of the Alta Vendita (commonly called the Alta Vendita, "high marketplace") is a document originally published in Italian in 1859, claimed by some Catholics to have been produced by the highest lodge [1] of the Italian Carbonari and written by "Piccolo Tigre" ("Little Tiger").