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Tscherne classification – Used to describe external appearance of wounds in both open and closed fractures. Gustilo-Anderson classification – Classifies open fractures based on wound size, extent of soft tissue loss, and degree of contamination. [15] Hannover Fracture scale – Used in open fractures as an extremity salvage assessment.
Wound assessment is a component of wound management.As far as may be practical, the assessment is to be accomplished before prescribing any treatment plan. The objective is to collect information about the patient and about the wound, that may be relevant to planning and implementing the treatment.
The International Red Cross wound classification system is a system whereby certain features of a wound are scored: the size of the skin wound(s); whether there is a cavity, fracture or vital structure injured; the presence or absence of metallic foreign bodies. A numerical value is given to each feature (E, X, C, F, V, and M).
Abrasions on elbow and lower arm. The elbow wound will produce a permanent scar. A first-degree abrasion involves only epidermal injury. A second-degree abrasion involves the epidermis as well as the dermis and may bleed slightly. A third-degree abrasion involves damage to the subcutaneous layer and the skin and is often called an avulsion.
The periwound (also peri-wound) is tissue surrounding a wound. Periwound area is traditionally limited to 4 cm outside the wound's edge but can extend beyond this limit if outward damage to the skin is present. Periwound assessment is an important step of wound assessment before wound treatment is prescribed. [1]
Penetrating trauma is an open wound injury that occurs when an object pierces the skin and enters a tissue of the body, creating a deep but relatively narrow entry wound.In contrast, a blunt or non-penetrating trauma may have some deep damage, but the overlying skin is not necessarily broken and the wound is still closed to the outside environment.
French barber-surgeon Ambroise Paré was the first to describe different degrees of burns in the 1500s. [17] Guillaume Dupuytren expanded these degrees into six different severities in 1832. [14] [18] The first hospital to treat burns opened in 1843 in London, England, and the development of modern burn care began in the late 1800s and early 1900s.
The Wallace rule of nines is a tool used in pre-hospital and emergency medicine to estimate the total body surface area (BSA) affected by a burn.In addition to determining burn severity, the measurement of burn surface area is important for estimating patients' fluid requirements and determining hospital admission criteria.