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Most chondroitin appears to be made from extracts of cartilaginous cow and pig tissues (cow trachea and pig ear and nose), but other sources such as shark, fish, and bird cartilage are also used. Since chondroitin is not a uniform substance, and is naturally present in a wide variety of forms, the precise composition of each supplement will ...
Chondroitin sulfate; Dermatan sulfate; Chondroitin as a supplement is now commonly used (often in combination with glucosamine) in treating the joint disease of osteoarthritis. [2] In contrast to the symptomatic treatments, chondroitin can modify the progression of a disease process in the patient which it can be used as an alternative medicine ...
The two main proteoglycans that are used in this process are heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) which are present at high levels in the chondrocyte extracellular matrix and are crucial in regulating chondrocyte maturation. When the GAG chain functions properly, it controls the maturation speed of ...
Dermatan sulfate is a glycosaminoglycan (formerly called a mucopolysaccharide) found mostly in skin, but also in blood vessels, heart valves, tendons, and lungs.. It is also referred to as chondroitin sulfate B, [1] although it is no longer classified as a form of chondroitin sulfate by most sources.
For example, in regard to stem cells, hyaluronan, along with chondroitin sulfate, helps to form the stem cell niche. Stem cells are protected from the effects of growth factors by a shield of hyaluronan and minimally sulfated chondroitin sulfate.
In addition, the enzyme that is used in the chondroitinase treatment, chondroitinase ABC, derives from the bacterium Proteus vulgaris. [4] In recent years, pre-clinical research involving the chondroitinase ABC enzyme has been mainly directed towards utilizing it as a way of treating spinal cord injuries in test animals using viral vectors . [ 5 ]
In 2007, Reichenbach et al. [42] [43] used explicit methods to conduct and report [44] a systematic review of 20 trials and concluded "large-scale, methodologically sound trials indicate that the symptomatic benefit of chondroitin is minimal or nonexistent. Use of chondroitin in routine clinical practice should therefore be discouraged."
Chondroitin ABC lyase (EC 4.2.2.20 EC 4.2.2.21, chondroitinase, chondroitin ABC eliminase, chondroitinase ABC) is an enzyme with systematic name chondroitin ABC lyase. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
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