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This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 11 December 2024. 1260 battle between the Mamluk Sultanate and the Mongol Empire Battle of Ain Jalut Part of the Mongol invasions of the Levant Map showing movements of both forces, meeting eventually at Ain Jalut Date 3 September 1260 (26 Ramadan 658 H) Location Near Ma'ayan Harod (Hebrew) or Ayn Jalut ...
The Mongol conquest of Persia and Mesopotamia comprised three Mongol campaigns against islamic states in the Middle East and Central Asia between 1219 and 1258. These campaigns led to the termination of the Khwarazmian Empire, the Nizari Ismaili state, and the Abbasid Caliphate of Baghdad, and the establishment of the Mongol Ilkhanate government in their place in Persia.
Other Mongol leaders owed their conversion to Islam due to the influence of a Muslim wife. [8] Later, it was the Mamluk ruler Baibars who played an important role in bringing many Golden Horde Mongols to Islam. Baibars developed strong ties with the Mongols of the Golden Horde and took steps for the Golden Horde Mongols to travel to Egypt.
The major battles were the siege of Baghdad, when the Mongols sacked the city which had been the center of Islamic power for 500 years, and the Battle of Ain Jalut in 1260 in south-eastern Galilee, when the Muslim Bahri Mamluks were able to defeat the Mongols and decisively halt their advance for the first time.
The Ilkhanate, Golden Horde, and the Chagatai Khanate (with Buddhism and Tengrism) – three of the four principal khanates (except for the Yuan dynasty) – embraced Islam, [5] as the Mongol elite favored Islam to strengthen their rule over the Muslim majority populace.
Further, the Golden Horde, under Berke's leadership, was the first of the Mongol states to convert to Islam, [15] which lent to solidarity with the Islamic realms to the south. [18] On the other hand, the Il-Khan rulers were highly favourable to Christianity, and did not commit to Islam until 1295, when the Ilkhan Ghazan , a descendant of Tolui ...
The Mongol army managed to breach the wall but the city was defended successfully by the Khwarazmians; due to the hot weather, the Mongols were forced to retreat after 42 days. Peter Jackson suggests that Doqshin, having been instructed not to return unsuccessfully, eventually converted to Islam and joined Jalal al-Din.
Mongol raids into Palestine took place towards the end of the Crusades, following the temporarily successful Mongol invasions of Syria, primarily in 1260 and 1300.. Following each of these invasions, there existed a period of a few months during which the Mongols were able to launch raids southward into Palestine, reaching as fa