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For example, C 4 is one note above B 3, and A 5 is one note above G 5. The octave number is tied to the alphabetic character used to describe the pitch, with the division between note letters ‘B’ and ‘C’, thus: "B 3" and all of its possible variants (B, B ♭, B, B ♯, B) would properly be designated as being in octave "3".
An octave is the interval between one musical pitch and another with double or half its frequency. For example, if one note has a frequency of 440 Hz, the note one octave above is at 880 Hz, and the note one octave below is at 220 Hz. The ratio of frequencies of two notes an octave apart is therefore 2:1.
Octave clef Treble and bass clefs can be modified by octave numbers. An "8" below the clef (as in the diagram) indicates that pitches will sound an octave lower than they would with the unmodified clef. A "15" below indicates a two-octave shift. These numbers may also be used above the clef to indicate pitches one or two octaves higher.
Notes in each include an additional prime symbol below the note's letter. The octave starting at middle C is called the "small" octave. Notes in it are written as lower case letters, so middle C itself is written c in Helmholtz notation. The next higher octave is called "one-lined". Notes in it include a prime symbol above the note's letter.
The naming of individual Cs using the Helmholtz system. Helmholtz pitch notation is a system for naming musical notes of the Western chromatic scale.Fully described and normalized by the German scientist Hermann von Helmholtz, it uses a combination of upper and lower case letters (A to G), [a] and the sub- and super-prime symbols ( ͵ ′ or ⸜ ⸝) to denote each individual note of the scale.
In acoustical analysis, a one-third octave band is defined as a frequency band whose upper band-edge frequency ( f 2 or f max ) is the lower band frequency ( f 1 or f min ) times the tenth root of ten, [4] or 1.2589 : The first of the one-third octave bands ends at a frequency 125.9% higher than the starting frequency for all of them, the base ...
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Comparison of notes derived from, or near, twelve perfect fifths (B ♯). In musical tuning, a temperament is a tuning system that slightly compromises the pure intervals of just intonation to meet other requirements. Most modern Western musical instruments are tuned in the equal temperament system.