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True airspeed (TAS) is the actual speed the airplane is moving through the air. When combined with aircraft direction, wind speed and direction, it can be used to calculate ground speed and direction. Equivalent airspeed (EAS) is true airspeed times root density ratio. It is a useful way of calculating aerodynamic loads and airplane performance ...
David W. Wragg classifies air services as medium-haul being between 1,600–4,000 km; 900–2,200 nmi; short-haul as being shorter and long-haul as being longer. [11] David Crocker defines short-haul flights as shorter than 1,000 km (540 nmi), [ 12 ] : 208 and long-haul as the opposite.
A nautical mile is a unit of length used in air, marine, and space navigation, and for the definition of territorial waters. [2] [3] [4] Historically, it was defined as the meridian arc length corresponding to one minute ( 1 / 60 of a degree) of latitude at the equator, so that Earth's polar circumference is very near to 21,600 nautical miles (that is 60 minutes × 360 degrees).
TAS can be calculated as a function of Mach number and static air temperature: =, where is the speed of sound at standard sea level (661.47 knots (1,225.04 km/h; 340.29 m/s)),
1.15078 miles per hour (approximately), 20.25372 inches per second (approximately) 1.68781 feet per second (approximately). The length of the internationally agreed nautical mile is 1 852 m. The US adopted the international definition in 1954, having previously used the US nautical mile (1 853.248 m). [6]
The front side of the flight computer is a logarithmic slide rule that performs multiplication and division. Throughout the wheel, unit names are marked (such as gallons, miles, kilometers, pounds, minutes, seconds, etc.) at locations that correspond to the constants that are used when going from one unit to another in various calculations.
American Airlines plane forced to land 250 miles into flight due to crack in windshield. Martha McHardy. February 29, 2024 at 9:33 AM.
Ground speed is the horizontal component of the velocity of an aircraft relative to the Earth’s surface, also referred to as "speed over the ground". [1] It is vital for accurate navigation that the pilot has an estimate of the ground speed that will be achieved during each leg of a flight.
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