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Ground-glass opacity (GGO) is a finding seen on chest x-ray (radiograph) or computed tomography (CT) imaging of the lungs. It is typically defined as an area of hazy opacification (x-ray) or increased attenuation (CT) due to air displacement by fluid, airway collapse, fibrosis, or a neoplastic process. [1]
Acute presentation may reveal poorly defined a micro-nodular interstitial pattern and ground-glass opacities in the lower and mid lung zones. In addition to this, subacute presentations may show reticular nodular opacities in mid-to-lower lung zones. [1] Chronic forms may show fibrotic changes and appear like Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. [3]
The gross appearance of a lipid pneumonia is that in which there is an ill-defined, pale yellow area on the lung. This yellow appearance explains the colloquial term "golden" pneumonia. [7] At the microscopic scale foamy macrophages and giant cells are seen in the airways, and the inflammatory response is visible in the parenchyma. [citation ...
Clinical tests include chest radiography or (HRCT) which may show centrilobular nodular and ground-glass opacities with air-trapping in the middle and upper lobes of the lungs. Fibrosis may also be evident. Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) findings coinciding with pneumonitis typically include a lymphocytosis with a low CD4:CD8 ratio. [7] [13]
Ground glass opacity: No routine follow-up: CT after 6–12 months to check if persistent, then after 2 years and then another 2 years Part solid No routine follow-up: CT after 6–12 months: If unchanged and solid component remains <6mm: Annual CT for 5 years. Solid component ≥6mm: highly suspicious; Multiple nodules CT after 3–6 months.
There may be superimposed CT features such as mild ground-glass opacity, reticular pattern and pulmonary ossification. Probable UIP pattern: [4] Predominantly subpleural and basal; Often heterogenous distribution; Reticular pattern with peripheral traction bronchiectasis or bronchiolectasis; There may be mild ground-glass opacity; Indeterminate ...
He noted that oxygen levels below ground were insufficient. Emergency crews and others have been trying to locate Pollard for two days. Her relatives reported her missing early Tuesday, and her ...
HRCT shows a ground-glass appearance. [20] The major hallmark of DIP is the presence of a large number of macrophages within the alveoli that are distributed throughout the pulmonary acini. These macrophages are rich in eosinophilic cytoplasm and frequently include a coarsely granular light-brown pigment. There are usually a few multinucleated ...