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One of the most well-known consequences of maternal opioid use during pregnancy is the risk of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). NAS occurs when the newborn experiences withdrawal symptoms after birth due to exposure to opioids in the womb. Maternal opioid use during pregnancy can also have long-term effects on the child's development.
Its use as an analgesic during labor is not advised due to its long onset of action (1 hour). [30] The ratio of the mean concentration of the drug in the fetus compared to that of the mother when it is given intramuscularly for labor pains has been estimated to be 1:94.
After long-term use of dopamine agonists, a withdrawal syndrome may occur during dose reduction or discontinuation with the following possible side effects: anxiety, panic attacks, dysphoria, depression, agitation, irritability, suicidal ideation, fatigue, orthostatic hypotension, nausea, vomiting, diaphoresis, generalized pain, and drug ...
Bradycardia; Hypertension (high blood pressure); Allergic reactions (e.g. dyspnoea (shortness of breath), bronchospasm, wheezing, angioneurotic oedema) Anaphylaxis; Changes in appetite
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In general, large-scale studies do tend to show that long-term use of antidepressants is associated with weight gain side effects. However, study data on escitalopram and weight changes is very ...
However, not all of them are safe to use during pregnancy. One of the components of bismuth subsalicylate is salicylate, which is a component that crosses the placenta. Due to this, there is an increased risk for intrauterine growth retardation, fetal hemorrhage, and maternal hemorrhage within organogenesis and in the second/third trimester. [ 12 ]
She explains that there are two main types of kidney disease: short-term (called acute kidney injury or AKI), which is reversible with timely treatment; and long-term (called chronic kidney ...