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The first component is called the 'Leaf Area Ratio' (LAR) and indicates how much leaf area there is per unit total plant mass. For young plants, values are often in the range of 1–20 m 2 kg −1, for tree seedlings they are generally less. The second component is the 'Unit Leaf Rate' (ULR), which is also termed 'Net Assimilation Rate' (NAR).
In a soil with 5% organic matter perhaps 2 to 5% of that is released to the soil by such decomposition. It occurs fastest in warm, moist, well aerated soil. [55] The mineralisation of 3% of the organic material of a soil that is 4% organic matter overall, would release 120 pounds (54 kg) of nitrogen as ammonium per acre. [56]
Effect of plant density on (a) total shoot mass and (b) seed mass per unit ground area. Schematised figure, inspired a.o. by experiments with maize by Li et al. (2015). Many of the processes related to plant density can well be studied in monocultures of even-aged individuals that are sown or planted at the same time.
Figure 1: A bi-phasic bacterial growth curve.. A growth curve is an empirical model of the evolution of a quantity over time. Growth curves are widely used in biology for quantities such as population size or biomass (in population ecology and demography, for population growth analysis), individual body height or biomass (in physiology, for growth analysis of individuals).
The original cube (1 m sides) has a surface area to volume ratio of 6:1. The larger (2 m sides) cube has a surface area to volume ratio of (24/8) 3:1. As the dimensions increase, the volume will continue to grow faster than the surface area. Thus the square–cube law. This principle applies to all solids. [3]
The addition of organic matter to clay soils can render that organic matter and any added nutrients inaccessible to plants and microbes for many years. [170] A study showed increased soil fertility following the addition of mature compost to a clay soil. [171]
Biomass allocation is the result of a number of processes which take place in the plant. It starts with the way sugars are allocated to different organs after having been fixed by the leaves in the process of photosynthesis (sugar allocation).
The SI unit of volumetric heat capacity is joule per kelvin per cubic meter, J⋅K −1 ⋅m −3. The volumetric heat capacity can also be expressed as the specific heat capacity (heat capacity per unit of mass, in J⋅K −1 ⋅kg −1) times the density of the substance (in kg/L, or g/mL). [1] It is defined to serve as an intensive property.