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The wind direction at the time the ventifact formed will be parallel to grooves or striations cut into the rock. Ventifacts have also been discovered on Mars, where such sharp immobile rocks have caused significant damage to the wheels of the Curiosity rover. [4] An example of a Martian ventifact was named Jake Matijevic.
A dreikanter from the Wind River Basin, Wyoming, USA. Property of Western Washington University. Photo by AJ Wakefield, 2012. A dreikanter is a type of ventifact that typically forms in desert or periglacial environments due to the abrasive action of blowing sand. [1] [2] Dreikanters exhibit a characteristic pyramidal shape with three wind ...
Hematite-rich BIF ventifact from Wyoming, USA. (~5.9 cm across at its widest) Ventifacts are lustrous, polished rocks with subplanar to curved facets. They form by natural abrasion and polish by winds that carry sand grains. Ventifacts are naturally sand-blasted rocks. The rock shown above is a BIF - a banded iron formation.
A dune is a large pile of wind-blown material, typically sand or snow. As the pile accumulates, its larger surface area increases the rate of deposition in a positive feedback loop until the dune collapses under its own weight. This process causes dunes to move in the direction of the wind over time. [6] [7] Death Valley Mesquite Flats sand dunes.
A wind atlas contains data on the wind speed and wind direction in a region. [1] These data include maps , but also time series or frequency distributions . A climatological wind atlas covers hourly averages at a standard height (10 meters) over even longer periods (30 years) but depending on the application there are variations in averaging ...
Wind erosion of soil at the foot of Chimborazo, Ecuador Rock carved by drifting sand below Fortification Rock in Arizona (Photo by Timothy H. O'Sullivan, USGS, 1871). Aeolian processes, also spelled eolian, [1] pertain to wind activity in the study of geology and weather and specifically to the wind's ability to shape the surface of the Earth (or other planets).
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Consequently, a wind blowing from the north has a wind direction referred to as 0° (360°); a wind blowing from the east has a wind direction referred to as 90°, etc. Weather forecasts typically give the direction of the wind along with its speed, for example a "northerly wind at 15 km/h" is a wind blowing from the north at a speed of 15 km/h ...