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Constructive development (biology) In biology, constructive development refers to the hypothesis that organisms shape their own developmental trajectory by constantly responding to, and causing, changes in both their internal state and their external environment. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Constructive development can be contrasted with programmed ...
Constructivism is a view in the philosophy of science that maintains that scientific knowledge is constructed by the scientific community, which seeks to measure and construct models of the natural world. According to constructivists, natural science consists of mental constructs that aim to explain sensory experiences and measurements, and ...
Mathematically, positive feedback is defined as a positive loop gain around a closed loop of cause and effect. [1][3] That is, positive feedback is in phase with the input, in the sense that it adds to make the input larger. [4][5] Positive feedback tends to cause system instability. When the loop gain is positive and above 1, there will ...
A taxis (from Ancient Greek τάξις (táxis) 'arrangement, order'; [1] pl.: taxes / ˈtæksiːz /) [2][3][4] is the movement of an organism in response to a stimulus such as light or the presence of food. Taxes are innate behavioural responses. A taxis differs from a tropism (turning response, often growth towards or away from a stimulus) in ...
The black walnut secretes a chemical from its roots that harms neighboring plants, an example of competitive antagonism. In ecology, a biological interaction is the effect that a pair of organisms living together in a community have on each other. They can be either of the same species (intraspecific interactions), or of different species ...
e. Learning is the process of acquiring new understanding, knowledge, behaviors, skills, values, attitudes, and preferences. [1] The ability to learn is possessed by humans, non-human animals, and some machines; there is also evidence for some kind of learning in certain plants. [2] Some learning is immediate, induced by a single event (e.g ...
Behavioral neuroscience as a scientific discipline emerged from a variety of scientific and philosophical traditions in the 18th and 19th centuries. René Descartes proposed physical models to explain animal as well as human behavior. Descartes suggested that the pineal gland, a midline unpaired structure in the brain of many organisms, was the ...
Helping behavior refers to voluntary actions intended to help others, with reward regarded or disregarded. It is a type of prosocial behavior (voluntary action intended to help or benefit another individual or group of individuals, [1] such as sharing, comforting, rescuing and helping). Altruism is distinguished from helping behavior in this ...