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  2. Jewish views on religious pluralism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_views_on_religious...

    The viewpoint of Conservative Judaism is summarized in Emet Ve-Emunah: Statement of Principles of Conservative Judaism. This official statement holds that "As Conservative Jews, we acknowledge without apology the many debts which Jewish religion and civilization owe to the nations of the world.

  3. Dual-covenant theology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-covenant_theology

    Dual-covenant or two-covenant theology is a school of thought in Christian theology regarding the relevance of the Hebrew Bible, which Christians call the Old Testament.. Most Christians hold that the Old Testament has been superseded by the New Covenant, although the moral law continues to apply (cf. covenant theology); [2] [3] [4] in contrast, a minority hold that the Mosaic covenant has ...

  4. Gnosticism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnosticism

    Page from the Gospel of Judas Mandaean Beth Manda in Nasiriyah, southern Iraq, in 2016, a contemporary-style mandi. Gnosticism (from Ancient Greek: γνωστικός, romanized: gnōstikós, Koine Greek: [ɣnostiˈkos], 'having knowledge') is a collection of religious ideas and systems that coalesced in the late 1st century AD among early Christian sects.

  5. Ethical dualism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethical_dualism

    Therefore, it is possible that during this period the two peoples exchanged ideas about their view of the world, which would explain the clear reference to ethical dualism expressed and reformulated in Jewish terms in Chapter 31:15 of the Deuteronomy, the 5th book of the Torah: See, today I set before you life and prosperity, death and disaster.

  6. Jewish principles of faith - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_principles_of_faith

    There is no central authority in Judaism in existence today - although the Sanhedrin, the supreme Jewish religious court, would fulfill this role if it were re-established. Instead, Judaism's principles of faith remain debated by the rabbis based on their understanding of the sacred writings , laws , and traditions , which collectively shape ...

  7. Yahwism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahwism

    Yahwism is the name given by modern scholars to the religion of ancient Israel and Judah. [1] An ancient Semitic religion of the Iron Age, Yahwism was essentially polytheistic and had a pantheon, with various gods and goddesses being worshipped by the Israelites. [2]

  8. Binitarianism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binitarianism

    Binitarianism is a Christian theology of two persons, personas, or aspects in one substance/Divinity (or God). Classically, binitarianism is understood as a form of monotheism—that is, that God is absolutely one being—and yet with binitarianism there is a "twoness" in God, which means one God family.

  9. Shituf - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shituf

    Jewish views, as codified in Jewish law, are split between those who see Christianity as outright idolatry [8] and those who see Christianity as shituf. [1] While Christians view their worship of a trinity as monotheistic, [9] Judaism generally rejects this view. The Talmud warns against causing an idolater to take oaths.