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Orexin (/ ɒ ˈ r ɛ k s ɪ n /), also known as hypocretin, is a neuropeptide that regulates arousal, wakefulness, and appetite. [5] It exists in the forms of orexin-A and orexin-B.The most common form of narcolepsy, type 1, in which the individual experiences brief losses of muscle tone ("drop attacks" or cataplexy), is caused by a lack of orexin in the brain due to destruction of the cells ...
The pelagic food web, showing the central involvement of marine microorganisms in how the ocean imports nutrients from and then exports them back to the atmosphere and ocean floor. A marine food web is a food web of marine life. At the base of the ocean food web are single-celled algae and other plant-like organisms known as phytoplankton.
Its K b values for the human orexin receptors have been reported to be 0.5 nM for the OX 1 receptor and 0.8 nM for the OX 2 receptor. [8] Hence, daridorexant is approximately equipotent in its antagonism of the orexin receptors. [8] Daridorexant is selective for the orexin receptors over many other targets. [8]
Both orexin receptors exhibit a similar pharmacology – the 2 orexin peptides, orexin-A and orexin-B, bind to both receptors and, in each case, agonist binding results in an increase in intracellular calcium levels. However, orexin-B shows a 5- to 10-fold selectivity for orexin receptor type 2, whilst orexin-A is equipotent at both receptors ...
High plasma triglycerides (from a high fat diet) and low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) increases orexin levels, which increases appetite through orexin-stimulated neuropeptide Y action. [1] A high fat diet more than a high calorie diet has been shown to increase obesity and orexin release.
Phase 2 trial initiation in patients with sleep /wake disorders results in milestone payment of US$3.5 million to Nxera; Tokyo, Japan and Cambridge, UK, 13 November 2024 – Nxera Pharma Co., Ltd. (“Nxera” or “the Company”; TSE 4565) – formerly known as Sosei Group or Sosei Heptares – notes that Centessa Pharmaceuticals has initiated a Phase 2 trial of ORX750, an investigational ...
The orexin 1 receptor (OX 1), is a G-protein coupled receptor that is heavily expressed in projections from the lateral hypothalamus and is involved in the regulation of feeding behaviour. OX 1 selectively binds the orexin-A neuropeptide. It shares 64% identity with OX 2. [5]
The microbial food web refers to the combined trophic interactions among microbes in aquatic environments. These microbes include viruses, bacteria, algae, heterotrophic protists (such as ciliates and flagellates). [1] In aquatic ecosystems, microbial food webs are essential because they form the basis for the cycling of nutrients and energy.