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See Weight for detail of mass/weight distinction and conversion. Avoirdupois is a system of mass based on a pound of 16 ounces, while Troy weight is the system of mass where 12 troy ounces equals one troy pound. The symbol g 0 is used to denote standard gravity in order to avoid confusion with the (upright) g symbol for gram.
The statute standardized weight, length and volume as well as introduced the peny, ounce, pound, gallon and bushel. [ 4 ] : 73–74 In 1618, the London Pharmacopoeia (medicine compound catalog) adopted the Roman gallon [ 8 ] or congius [ 9 ] as a basic unit of volume and gave a conversion table to the apothecaries' units of weight. [ 8 ]
The fluid ounce derives its name originally from being the volume of one ounce avoirdupois of water, [21] but in the US it is defined as 1 ⁄ 128 of a US gallon. Consequently, a fluid ounce of water weighs about 1.041 ounces avoirdupois.
A metric ounce is an approximation of the imperial ounce, US dry ounce, or US fluid ounce. These three customary units vary. However, the metric ounce is usually taken as 25 or 30 ml (0.88 or 1.06 imp fl oz; 0.85 or 1.01 US fl oz) when volume is being measured, or in grams when mass is being measured.
The system's characteristics are that density is expressed in g/cm 3, force expressed in dynes and mechanical energy in ergs. Thermal energy was defined in calories , one calorie being the energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of water from 15.5 °C to 16.5 °C.
Converts measurements to other units. Template parameters [Edit template data] This template prefers inline formatting of parameters. Parameter Description Type Status Value 1 The value to convert. Number required From unit 2 The unit for the provided value. Suggested values km2 m2 cm2 mm2 ha sqmi acre sqyd sqft sqin km m cm mm mi yd ft in kg g mg lb oz m/s km/h mph K C F m3 cm3 mm3 L mL cuft ...
English-speaking countries also used a system of units of fluid measure, or in modern terminology volume units, based on the apothecaries' system. Originally, the terms and symbols used to describe the volume measurements of liquids were the same as or similar to those used to describe weight measurements of solids [33] (for example, the pound by weight and the fluid pint were both referred to ...
The formula for the surface area of a sphere is more difficult to derive: because a sphere has nonzero Gaussian curvature, it cannot be flattened out. The formula for the surface area of a sphere was first obtained by Archimedes in his work On the Sphere and Cylinder. The formula is: [6] A = 4πr 2 (sphere), where r is the radius of the sphere.