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  2. Biological roles of the elements - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_roles_of_the...

    Selenium, which is an essential element for animals and prokaryotes and is a beneficial element for many plants, is the least-common of all the elements essential to life. [3] [63] Selenium acts as the catalytic center of several antioxidant enzymes, such as glutathione peroxidase, [11] and plays a wide variety of other biological roles.

  3. Iodine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodine

    This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 12 December 2024. This article is about the chemical element. For other uses, see Iodine (disambiguation). Chemical element with atomic number 53 (I) Iodine, 53 I Iodine Pronunciation / ˈ aɪ ə d aɪ n, - d ɪ n, - d iː n / (EYE -ə-dyne, -⁠din, -⁠deen) Appearance lustrous metallic gray solid ...

  4. Iodine in biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodine_in_biology

    Iodine is an essential trace element in biological systems. It has the distinction of being the heaviest element commonly needed by living organisms as well as the second-heaviest known to be used by any form of life (only tungsten, a component of a few bacterial enzymes, has a higher atomic number and atomic weight). It is a component of ...

  5. Calcium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium

    Calcium is an essential element needed in large quantities. [8] [9] The Ca 2+ ion acts as an electrolyte and is vital to the health of the muscular, circulatory, and digestive systems; is indispensable to the building of bone in the form of hydroxyapatite; and supports synthesis and function of blood cells.

  6. Selenium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium

    Although selenium is an essential trace element, it is toxic if taken in excess. Exceeding the Tolerable Upper Intake Level of 400 micrograms per day can lead to selenosis. [ 134 ] This 400 μg Tolerable Upper Intake Level is based primarily on a 1986 study of five Chinese patients who exhibited overt signs of selenosis and a follow-up study on ...

  7. Selenium in biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium_in_biology

    Although selenium is an essential trace element, it is toxic if taken in excess. Exceeding the Tolerable Upper Intake Level of 400 micrograms per day can lead to selenosis. [ 15 ] This 400 microgram ( μg ) Tolerable Upper Intake Level is based primarily on a 1986 study of five Chinese patients who exhibited overt signs of selenosis and a ...

  8. Roles of chemical elements - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roles_of_chemical_elements

    Element Per. Gr. Role(s) in nature (non-living and living) Role(s) in technology (old and new) 1: H: Hydrogen 1 1: Astronomy: source of power by nuclear fusion (proton–proton chain reaction and CNO cycle) Biology: One of the most common elements in living organisms: Petrochemical industry: hydrodealkylation, hydrodesulfurization

  9. Magnesium in biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium_in_biology

    The use of radioactive tracer elements in ion uptake assays allows the calculation of km, Ki and Vmax and determines the initial change in the ion content of the cells. 28 Mg decays by the emission of a high-energy beta or gamma particle, which can be measured using a scintillation counter.

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