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In contract law, a non-compete clause (often NCC), restrictive covenant, or covenant not to compete (CNC), is a clause under which one party (usually an employee) agrees not to enter into or start a similar profession or trade in competition against another party (usually the employer).
Until 1826, the Constitution of Maryland excluded Jewish people from holding public office. Prior to the passage of the 1968 Fair Housing Act, Jewish people were excluded from living in many white Christian neighborhoods throughout Maryland due to the use of restrictive covenants and quotas. Between the 1930s and 1950s, quota systems were ...
Chicago adopted racially restrictive housing covenants beginning in 1927. [13] In 1948, the United States Supreme Court ruled that enforcement of racial restrictive covenants was unconstitutional. 1953: Housing In August 1953, the first black family moved into Trumbull Park, a formerly all-white project of the Chicago Housing Authority.
Non-solicitation agreement provisions—alongside the non-compete clause (NCC) and the non-disclosure agreement (NDA)—constitute one of three restrictive covenants frequently found within a business contract. They may be entered into with both employees and independent contractors—in addition to multiple entities—as part of a larger ...
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Shelley v. Kraemer, 334 U.S. 1 (1948), is a landmark [1] United States Supreme Court case that held that racially restrictive housing covenants (deed restrictions) cannot legally be enforced.
Deed restrictions and restrictive covenants became an important instrument for enforcing racial segregation in most towns and cities, becoming widespread in the 1920s. [90] Such covenants were employed by many real estate developers to "protect" entire subdivisions, with the primary intent to keep "white" neighborhoods "white".
Many older deeds have racially restrictive covenants. They won't be enforced by courts, though. Private individuals in the U.S. are free to form restrictive covenants as to race, but the 14th Amendment has prohibited state enforcement of such covenants. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.27.243.219 03:47, 11 December 2007 (UTC)