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Hydraulic jumps can be seen in both a stationary form, which is known as a "hydraulic jump", and a dynamic or moving form, which is known as a positive surge or "hydraulic jump in translation". [16] They can be described using the same analytic approaches and are simply variants of a single phenomenon.
This example is a very basic hydraulic jump situation where the flow approaches at a supercritical depth, y 1, and jumps to its subcritical conjugate depth, y 2, in order to obtain the necessary energy to continue moving down the channel with the given flow rate, q. Figure 6. M-y Diagram
The depth changes abruptly over a comparatively short distance. Rapidly varied flow is known as a local phenomenon. Examples are the hydraulic jump and the hydraulic drop. Gradually-varied flow. The depth changes over a long distance. Continuous flow. The discharge is constant throughout the reach of the channel under consideration. This is ...
The no-slip condition is an empirical assumption that has been useful in modelling many macroscopic experiments. It was one of three alternatives that were the subject of contention in the 19th century, with the other two being the stagnant-layer (a thin layer of stationary fluid on which the rest of the fluid flows) and the partial slip (a finite relative velocity between solid and fluid ...
In the mild reach, the hydraulic jump occurs downstream of the gate, but in the steep reach, the hydraulic jump occurs upstream of the gate. It is important to note that the gradually varied flow equations and associated numerical methods (including the standard step method) cannot accurately model the dynamics of a hydraulic jump. [6]
Hydraulics and other studies [1] An open channel, with a uniform depth. Open-channel hydraulics deals with uniform and non-uniform streams. Illustration of hydraulic and hydrostatic, from the "Table of Hydraulics and Hydrostatics", from Cyclopædia, or an Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences, edited by Ephraim Chambers, 1728, Vol. 1
Plunge pools (also called stilling basins) and impact boxes are two examples of energy dissipators used on dams. Many USBR dams use energy dissipating blocks for chute spillways (also called baffled aprons). These blocks help induce a hydraulic jump to establish subcritical flow conditions on the downstream side of the dam. [11]
A schematic diagram of a shock wave situation with the density , velocity , and temperature indicated for each region.. The Rankine–Hugoniot conditions, also referred to as Rankine–Hugoniot jump conditions or Rankine–Hugoniot relations, describe the relationship between the states on both sides of a shock wave or a combustion wave (deflagration or detonation) in a one-dimensional flow in ...