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  2. History of computing hardware - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_computing_hardware

    The history of computing hardware spans the developments from early devices used for simple calculations to today's complex computers, encompassing advancements in both analog and digital technology. The first aids to computation were purely mechanical devices which required the operator to set up the initial values of an elementary arithmetic ...

  3. History of computing hardware (1960s–present) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_computing...

    The history of computing hardware starting at 1960 is marked by the conversion from vacuum tube to solid-state devices such as transistors and then integrated circuit (IC) chips. Around 1953 to 1959, discrete transistors started being considered sufficiently reliable and economical that they made further vacuum tube computers uncompetitive .

  4. Timeline of computing hardware before 1950 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_computing...

    A Brief History of Computing, by Stephen White. An excellent computer history site; the present article is a modified version of his timeline, used with permission. The Evolution of the Modern Computer (1934 to 1950): An Open Source Graphical History, article from Virtual Travelog

  5. Timeline of computing 1950–1979 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_computing_1950...

    A working MOSFET is built by a team at Bell Labs. E. E. LaBate and E. I. Povilonis made the device; M. O. Thurston, L. A. D’Asaro, and J. R. Ligenza developed the diffusion processes, and H. K. Gummel and R. Lindner characterized the device. [12] [13] 1960: US EUR ALGOL, first structured, procedural, programming language to be released. 1960: UK

  6. Computer hardware - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_hardware

    It includes external devices such as a monitor, mouse, keyboard, and speakers. [1] [2] By contrast, software is a set of written instructions that can be stored and run by hardware. Hardware derived its name from the fact it is hard or rigid with respect to changes, whereas software is soft because it is easy to change.

  7. Timeline of computing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_computing

    Timeline of computing presents events in the history of computing organized by year and grouped into six topic areas: predictions and concepts, first use and inventions, hardware systems and processors, operating systems, programming languages, and new application areas.

  8. History of computing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_computing

    History of innovation. SRI International. 16 November 2021. Developed at SRI International in 1961; Stephen White's excellent computer history site (the above article is a modified version of his work, used with permission) Soviet Digital Electronics Museum - a big collection of Soviet calculators, computers, computer mice and other devices

  9. Timeline of electrical and electronic engineering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_electrical_and...

    They develop new devices and tapes, in which celluloid is used instead of paper as a carrier material. In Britain, the BBC sends first radio programs time-shifted instead of live. The company telephone and radio apparatus factory Ideal AG (today Blaupunkt ) provides a car radio using Bowden cables to control it from the steering column.