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In magnetism, single domain refers to the state of a ferromagnet (in the broader meaning of the term that includes ferrimagnetism) in which the magnetization does not vary across the magnet. A magnetic particle that stays in a single domain state for all magnetic fields is called a single domain particle (but other definitions are possible; see ...
Rather than "magnetic charges", the basic entity for magnetism is the magnetic dipole. (If monopoles were ever found, the law would have to be modified, as elaborated below.) Gauss's law for magnetism can be written in two forms, a differential form and an integral form. These forms are equivalent due to the divergence theorem.
Magnetism is the class of physical attributes that occur through a magnetic field, which allows objects to attract or repel each other. Because both electric currents and magnetic moments of elementary particles give rise to a magnetic field, magnetism is one of two aspects of electromagnetism .
Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of matter possessing an electric charge.Electricity is related to magnetism, both being part of the phenomenon of electromagnetism, as described by Maxwell's equations.
Electricity, Magnetism, and Light. Academic. ISBN 978-0-12-619455-5. pp. 486–489 gives a simple mathematical discussion of the surface currents responsible for the Meissner effect, in the case of a long magnet levitated above a superconducting plane. Tinkham, M. (2004). Introduction to Superconductivity. Dover Books on Physics (2nd ed.). Dover.
This sparked a great deal of research into the relation between electricity and magnetism. André-Marie Ampère investigated the magnetic force between two current-carrying wires, discovering Ampère's force law. In the 1850s Scottish mathematical physicist James Clerk Maxwell generalized these results and others into a single mathematical law.
Induction: Faraday's law and Lenz's law – Highly animated lecture, with sound effects, Electricity and Magnetism course page; Notes from Physics and Astronomy HyperPhysics at Georgia State University; Tankersley and Mosca: Introducing Faraday's law; A free simulation on motional emf
Magnets exert forces and torques on each other through the interaction of their magnetic fields.The forces of attraction and repulsion are a result of these interactions. The magnetic field of each magnet is due to microscopic currents of electrically charged electrons orbiting nuclei and the intrinsic magnetism of fundamental particles (such as electrons) that make up the mater