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Herpes simplex, often known simply as herpes, is a viral infection caused by the herpes simplex virus. [5] Herpes infections are categorized by the area of the body that is infected. The two major types of herpes are oral herpes and genital herpes , though other forms also exist.
Herpes simplex viruses can affect areas of skin exposed to contact with an infected person. An example of this is herpetic whitlow , which is a herpes infection on the fingers; it was commonly found on dental surgeon 's hands before the routine use of gloves when treating patients.
About 90% of cases of herpes encephalitis are caused by herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1), the same virus that causes cold sores. According to a 2006 estimate, 57% of American adults were infected with HSV-1, [3] which is spread through droplets, casual contact and sometimes sexual contact, though most infected people never have cold sores.
Herpes simplex research includes all medical research that attempts to prevent, treat, or cure herpes, as well as fundamental research about the nature of herpes. Examples of particular herpes research include drug development , vaccines and genome editing.
Oral and/or genital herpes, herpetic gingivostomatitis, pharyngitis, eczema herpeticum, herpetic whitlow, herpes simplex keratitis, erythema multiforme, encephalitis, as well as other herpes simplex infections: Neuron (sensory ganglia) Close contact (oral or sexually transmitted infection) HHV-2: Herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) α: Mucoepithelial
Genital herpes is a herpes infection of the genitals caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). [1] Most people either have no or mild symptoms and thus do not know they are infected. [ 1 ] When symptoms do occur, they typically include small blisters that break open to form painful ulcers . [ 1 ]
Infection by the type 1 strain of herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) is most common; however, cases of oral infection by the type 2 strain are increasing. [14] Oral HSV-2 shedding is rare, and "usually noted in the context of first episode genital herpes." [21] In general, both types can cause oral or genital herpes. [22] [23] [24]
Herpes simplex virus 2 is periodically shed in the human genital tract, most often asymptomatically. Most sexual transmissions occur during periods of asymptomatic shedding. [ 6 ] Asymptomatic reactivation means that the virus causes atypical, subtle, or hard-to-notice symptoms that are not identified as an active herpes infection, so acquiring ...