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The high rising terminal (HRT), also known as rising inflection, upspeak, uptalk, or high rising intonation (HRI), is a feature of some variants of English where declarative sentences can end with a rising pitch similar to that typically found in yes–no questions.
Here, as is common with wh-questions, there is a rising intonation on the question word, and a falling intonation at the end of the question. In many descriptions of English, the following intonation patterns are distinguished: Rising Intonation means the pitch of the voice rises over time. Falling Intonation means that the pitch falls with time.
The following is the chart of the International Phonetic Alphabet, a standardized system of phonetic symbols devised and maintained by the International Phonetic Association.
Tone is the use of pitch in language to distinguish lexical or grammatical meaning—that is, to distinguish or to inflect words. [1] All oral languages use pitch to express emotional and other para-linguistic information and to convey emphasis, contrast and other such features in what is called intonation, but not all languages use tones to distinguish words or their inflections, analogously ...
Chart invented by the Chinese linguist Yuen Ren Chao illustrating the contours of the four tones of Standard Chinese. When the pitch descends, the contour is called a falling tone; when it ascends, a rising tone; when it descends and then returns, a dipping or falling-rising tone; and when it ascends and then returns, it is called a peaking or rising-falling tone.
It can also refer to a low or high intonational tone at the beginning of an utterance or intonational phrase. The term was first introduced in a PhD thesis on English intonation by Mark Liberman in 1975 but without being developed further. [1] It was taken up again in 1980 in another PhD thesis on English intonation by Janet Pierrehumbert. [2]
Overall the study of prosody has lagged other areas of linguistics. Within the study of English prosody, topics other than read speech and intonation have lagged. In any case, no comprehensive and complete description of English prosody is as yet available, [14] which makes prosody a challenge for both learners and teachers of English.
The difference between the intonation of a question, confirmation statements, and floor holding is determined by the extent of the rise and its location within the phrase. [12] The high rising terminal feature has spread and been adopted outside the geographical area and groups originally associated with Valleyspeak including, in some cases, men.