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In aphasia (sometimes called dysphasia), [a] a person may be unable to comprehend or unable to formulate language because of damage to specific brain regions. [2] The major causes are stroke and head trauma; prevalence is hard to determine, but aphasia due to stroke is estimated to be 0.1–0.4% in the Global North. [3]
Expressive aphasia contrasts with receptive aphasia, in which patients are able to speak in grammatical sentences that lack semantic significance and generally also have trouble with comprehension. [ 3 ] [ 7 ] Expressive aphasia differs from dysarthria , which is typified by a patient's inability to properly move the muscles of the tongue and ...
By contrast, anomia is a deficit of expressive language, and a symptom of all forms of aphasia, but patients whose primary deficit is word retrieval are diagnosed with anomic aphasia. [2] Individuals with aphasia who display anomia can often describe an object in detail and maybe even use hand gestures to demonstrate how the object is used, but ...
Survivors with global aphasia may have great difficulty understanding and forming words and sentences, and generally experience a great deal of difficulty when trying to communicate. [2] With considerable speech therapy rehabilitation, global aphasia may progress into expressive aphasia or receptive aphasia. [citation needed]
Patients diagnosed with Wernicke's aphasia can show severe language comprehension deficits; however, this is dependent on the severity and extent of the lesion. [2] Severity levels may range from being unable to understand even the simplest spoken and/or written information to missing minor details of a conversation. [2]
However, it is rare for patients to have just one of these problems and most people will present with more than one problem. Features include: [2] Hesitant, effortful speech; Apraxia of speech; Stutter (including return of a childhood stutter) Anomic aphasia (word retrieval failures) Phonemic paraphasia (sound errors in speech e.g. 'gat' for 'cat')
Transcortical sensory aphasia is characterized as a fluent aphasia. Fluency is determined by direct qualitative observation of the patient’s speech to determine the length of spoken phrases, and is usually characterized by a normal or rapid rate; normal phrase length, rhythm, melody, and articulatory agility; and normal or paragrammatic speech. [5]
A patient who truly has an aphasia cannot have been diagnosed with any other medical condition that may affect cognition. [citation needed] Logorrhea is a common symptom of Wernicke's aphasia, along with circumlocution, paraphasias, and neologisms. A patient with aphasia may present all of these symptoms at one time. [citation needed]
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