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The Soviet engineers did not trust automated systems for controlling the engine burns, so they communicated to the rocket via radio. The signal to stop firing the engine Block E stage was sent too late, [12] and it imparted an extra 175 m/s to Luna 1. [1] Consequently Luna 1 missed its target by 5,995 kilometers (3,725 mi). The spacecraft ...
The Soviet crewed lunar programs were a series of programs pursued by the Soviet Union to land humans on the Moon, in competition with the United States Apollo program.The Soviet government publicly denied participating in such a competition, but secretly pursued two programs in the 1960s: crewed lunar flyby missions using Soyuz 7K-L1 (Zond) spacecraft launched with the Proton-K rocket, and a ...
The Luna programme (from the Russian word Луна "Luna" meaning "Moon"), occasionally called Lunik by western media, [1] was a series of robotic spacecraft missions sent to the Moon by the Soviet Union between 1959 and 1976.
Surveyor 3 on the Moon. The first image returned by Luna 3 showed the far side of the Moon. This is a list of robotic space probes that have flown by, impacted, orbited or landed on the Moon for the purpose of lunar exploration, as well as probes launched toward the Moon that failed to reach their target.
Soviet crewed lunar programs – The Soviet Union had been pursuing a crewed lunar flyby mission using Soyuz 7K-L1 launched aboard Proton-K and a crewed landing mission using Soyuz 7K-LOK and LK Lander launched aboard N1 rocket. After a series of N1 failures, both of these programs were cancelled in 1970 and 1976 respectively.
Lunar basalt samples previously were obtained from the moon's near side, which perpetually faces Earth, during U.S. Apollo, Soviet Luna and Chinese Chang'e-5 missions. These showed that volcanism ...
Soviet Union: Luna 16: Moon: Success: Lander is the first automated return of samples from the Moon Soviet Union: Zond 8: Moon: Success: Flyby Soviet Union: Luna 17/Lunokhod 1: Moon: Success: Lander/rover is the first automated surface exploration of the Moon France: PEOLE Earth Success First French communication satellite. UK: Orba (satellite ...
After the Soviet Luna 1 probe conducted the first successful flyby of the Moon on 3 January 1959, the pressure felt by the US to succeed with a lunar mission was enormous, especially since American mission failures were entirely public while the Soviet failures were kept a secret.