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Penology (also penal theory) is a subfield of criminology that deals with the philosophy and practice [1] [2] of various societies in their attempts to repress criminal activities, and satisfy public opinion via an appropriate treatment regime for persons convicted of criminal offences.
Marxist criminology, conflict criminology, and critical criminology claim that most relationships between state and citizen are non-consensual and, as such, criminal law is not necessarily representative of public beliefs and wishes: it is exercised in the interests of the ruling or dominant class.
According to Malcolm M. Feeley, "Incapacitation then is to penology what arbitrage is to investments, a method of capitalizing on minute displacements in time; and like arbitrage it has a diminished relationship to the normative goal of enhancing the value of its objects." Much as an investor analyzes the risk profiles of various investment ...
Rehabilitation is the process of re-educating those who have committed a crime and preparing them to re-enter society. The goal is to address all of the underlying root causes of crime in order to decrease the rate of recidivism once inmates are released from prison. [1]
In 1993, American psychologist Terrie Moffitt described a dual taxonomy of offending behavior in an attempt to explain the developmental processes that lead to the distinctive shape of the age crime curve.
The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology is abstracted and indexed in Scopus and the Social Sciences Citation Index. According to the Journal Citation Reports , its 2013 impact factor is 0.651, ranking it 35th out of 52 journals in the category "Criminology and Penology".
Notes [ edit ] ^ As Kantorowicz-Reznichenko explain, the day-fine system is based on a proportion of a person's daily income, times the number of days the fine is to be paid, according to the offense."Consequently, although the nominal amount paid differs accorss offenders who have committed the same crime, the relative burden of the punishment ...
Feeley, Malcolm M., and Jonathan Simon. "The new penology: Notes on the emerging strategy of corrections and its implications." Criminology 30.4 (1992): 449-474. "Managing the monstrous: Sex offenders and the new penology." Psychology, Public Policy, and Law 4, no. 1-2 (1998): 452.