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Simplified temperature/pressure phase change diagram for water. The pressure on a pressure-temperature diagram (such as the water phase diagram shown above) is the partial pressure of the substance in question.
Velocity of sound in water; c in distilled water at 25 °C : 1498 m/s c at other temperatures [8]: 1403 m/s at 0 °C 1427 m/s at 5 °C 1447 m/s at 10 °C 1481 m/s at 20 °C
Log-lin pressure-temperature phase diagram of water. The Roman numerals correspond to some ice phases listed below.. Variations in pressure and temperature give rise to different phases of ice, which have varying properties and molecular geometries.
Mixing is governed by the Gibbs free energy, with phase separation or mixing occurring for whichever case lowers the Gibbs free energy.The free energy can be decomposed into two parts: =, with the enthalpy, the temperature, and the entropy.
While the majority of Earth's surface is covered by oceans, those oceans make up just a small fraction of the mass of the planet. The mass of Earth's oceans is estimated to be 1.37 × 10 21 kg, which is 0.023% of the total mass of Earth, 6.0 × 10 24 kg.
The self-ionization of water (also autoionization of water, autoprotolysis of water, autodissociation of water, or simply dissociation of water) is an ionization reaction in pure water or in an aqueous solution, in which a water molecule, H 2 O, deprotonates (loses the nucleus of one of its hydrogen atoms) to become a hydroxide ion, OH −.
In condensed matter physics, electrons are typically described with reference to a periodic lattice of atomic nuclei.Non-interacting electrons are therefore typically described by Bloch waves, which correspond to the delocalized, symmetry adapted molecular orbitals used in molecules (while Wannier functions correspond to localized molecular orbitals).
Ocean surface currents Distinctive white lines trace the flow of surface currents around the world. Visualization showing global ocean currents from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2012, at sea level, then at 2,000 m (6,600 ft) below sea level Animation of circulation around ice shelves of Antarctica