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Maritime drug trafficking in Latin America is the primary mean of transportation of illegal drugs produced in this region to global consumer markets. Cocaine is the primary illegal drug smuggled through maritime routes because all of its cultivation and production is settled in the Andean region of South America. [1] [2]
Cocaine stimulates the mesolimbic pathway in the brain. [15] Mental effects may include an intense feeling of happiness, sexual arousal, loss of contact with reality, or agitation. [12] Physical effects may include a fast heart rate, sweating, and dilated pupils. [12] High doses can result in high blood pressure or high body temperature. [16]
Addictive behavior observed from long-term cocaine users can be due to changes in the gene expression profiles in the brain's reward circuitry. Most research has been focused on the active regions of the reward-related genes, but Maze et al. [3] focuses at what happens to the heterochromatic regions.
In his new book 'The Last Kilo," T.J. English lays out how a group of Cuban immigrants called Los Muchachos brought the 1980's cocaine craze to the U.S. People think they know all about the ...
The illegal drug trade in Latin America concerns primarily the production and sale of cocaine and cannabis, including the export of these banned substances to the United States and Europe. The coca cultivation is concentrated in the Andes of South America, particularly in Colombia, Peru and Bolivia; this is the world's only source region for ...
Most of the world's cocaine is produced in South America, particularly in the Andean region. [10] The environmental destruction caused by the production of cocaine has been well documented, with reports made the UN and other government bodies. [2]
Cocaine: Global Histories (ed.) (New York: Routledge, 1999) Andean Cocaine: The Making of a Global Drug (University of North Carolina Press, 2009) Indelible Inequalities in Latin America: Insights from History, Politics, and Culture (ed.) (Duke University Press, 2010) with Luis Reygadas
Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript, also known as CART, is a neuropeptide protein that in humans is encoded by the CARTPT gene. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] CART appears to have roles in reward, feeding, and stress, [ 3 ] and it has the functional properties of an endogenous psychostimulant .