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Direct Action Day (16 August 1946) was the day the All-India Muslim League decided to take a "direct action" using general strikes and economic shut down to demand a separate Muslim homeland after the British exit from India. Also known as the 1946 Calcutta Riots, it soon became a day of communal violence in Calcutta. [5]
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 4 March 2025. Famine in British India during World War II Bengal famine of 1943 From the photo spread in The Statesman on 22 August 1943 showing famine conditions in Calcutta. These photographs made world headlines and spurred government action. Country British India Location Bengal Orissa Period 1943 ...
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In a city with a population of about 450,000 while under German occupation, there was a famine starting in the winter of 1941–42 that lasted until the end of September 1942. The local administration recorded 19,284 deaths between the second half of December 1941 and the second half of September 1942, thereof 11,918 (59.6%) from hunger. [ 141 ]
Total famine mortality estimates vary from 6.1 to 10.3 million [40] Map of the British Indian Empire (1880), showing where the famine struck. Both years: Madras, Mysore, Hyderabad, and Bombay); during the second year: Central Provinces and the North-Western Provinces, and a small area in the Punjab: 1896–1897
He is also remembered for his performance as the Minister for Civil Supply during the Bengal famine of 1943. [1] [2] In India, he is seen as a controversial figure; directly responsible for the 1946 Calcutta Killings, [3] [4] [5] for which he is often referred as the "Butcher of Bengal" in West Bengal. [6]
The majority of East Bengali refugees settled in the city of Kolkata (Calcutta) and various other towns and rural areas of West Bengal, but a significant number also moved to the Barak Valley of Assam and the princely state of Tripura which eventually joined India in 1949.
The principal highways of the presidency were the Madras-Calcutta road, the Madras-Travancore road and the Madras-Calicut road. [183] By 1946–47, the Madras Presidency had 26,201 miles (42,166 km) of metalled roads and 14,406 miles (23,184 km) of unmetalled roads, and 1,403 miles (2,258 km) of navigable canals. [146]