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The initial treatment for endometrial cancer is surgery; 90% of women with endometrial cancer are treated with some form of surgery. [23] Surgical treatment typically consists of hysterectomy including a bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy , which is the removal of the uterus, and both ovaries and Fallopian tubes.
Prognosis varies for the different types of endometrial cancer. Factors that influence prognosis across types of uterine cancer are age at diagnosis, the stage of the cancer, the grade of the cancer, histology, depth of invasion into the myometrium, and the presence of spread to nearby lymph nodes or other regions. [17]
It is an uncommon form of endometrial cancer that typically arises in postmenopausal women. It is typically diagnosed on endometrial biopsy, prompted by post-menopausal bleeding. Unlike the more common low-grade endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma, uterine serous carcinoma does not develop from endometrial hyperplasia and is not hormone ...
Gynecologic cancer is a type of cancer that affects the female reproductive system, including ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, vaginal cancer, cervical cancer, and vulvar cancer. Gynecological cancers comprise 10-15% of women's cancers, mainly affecting women past reproductive age but posing threats to fertility for younger patients. [ 1 ]
Endometrial cancer ranks as the fourth most prevalent cancer among women in the U.S. In 2022, it affected more than 66,000 patients and was responsible for nearly 12,000 fatalities.
As ovarian cancer is rarely symptomatic until an advanced stage, [42] regular pre-emptive screening is a particularly important tool for avoiding the late stage at which most patients present. However, A 2011 US study found that transvaginal ultrasound and cancer marker CA125 screening did not reduce ovarian cancer mortality. [43]
Obesity is associated with an increased risk of developing gynecologic cancers such as endometrial and ovarian cancer. [14] For endometrial cancer, every 5-unit increase on the BMI scale was associated with a 50-60% increase in risk. [15] Type 1 endometrial cancer is the most common endometrial cancer. [16]
Uterine clear-cell carcinoma (CC) is a rare form of endometrial cancer with distinct morphological features on pathology; it is aggressive and has high recurrence rate. Like uterine papillary serous carcinoma CC does not develop from endometrial hyperplasia and is not hormone sensitive, rather it arises from an atrophic endometrium.