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A caliphate (Arabic: خِلَافَةْ, romanized: khilāfah) is an institution or public office under the leadership of an Islamic steward with the title of caliph [1] [2] [3] (/ ˈ k æ l ɪ f, ˈ k eɪ-/; خَلِيفَةْ khalīfa [xæ'liːfæh], pronunciation ⓘ), a person considered a political–religious successor to the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a leader of the entire Muslim ...
The Sokoto Caliphate (Arabic: دولة الخلافة في بلاد السودان), also known as the Sultanate of Sokoto, [2] was a Sunni Muslim caliphate in West Africa.It was founded by Usman dan Fodio in 1804 during the Fulani jihads after defeating the Hausa Kingdoms in the Fulani War.
The Moroccan Caliphate [1] or Maghrib Caliphate [1] was an unrealized plan by the French government in 1915–1916, during World War I, to proclaim Sultan Yusef of Morocco as caliph.
The 'Mamluk Sultanate' is a modern historiographical term. [11] [12] Arabic sources for the period of the Bahri Mamluks refer to the dynasty as the 'State of the Turks' (Dawlat al-Atrak or Dawlat al-Turk) or 'State of Turkey' (al-Dawla al-Turkiyya).
In Shia sources, the Umayyad Caliphate is widely described as "tyrannical, anti-Islamic and godless". [214] Shias point out that the founder of the dynasty, Muawiyah, declared himself a caliph in 657 and went to war against Muhammad's son-in-law and cousin, the ruling caliph Ali, clashing at the Battle of Siffin.
A caliph is the supreme religious and political leader of an Islamic state known as the caliphate. [1] [2] Caliphs (also known as 'Khalifas') led the Muslim Ummah as political successors to the Islamic prophet Muhammad, [3] and widely-recognised caliphates have existed in various forms for most of Islamic history.
The caliphs are also known in Muslim history as the "orthodox" or "patriarchal" caliphs. [4] Following Muhammad's death in June 632, Muslim leaders debated who should succeed him. Unlike later caliphs, each of the four Rashidun were chosen by some form of a small group of high-ranking companions of the Prophet in shūrā (lit.
'office of the caliphate') was the claim of the heads of the Turkish Ottoman dynasty, rulers of the Ottoman Empire, to be the caliphs of Islam in the late medieval and early modern era. Ottoman rulers first assumed the style of caliph in the 14th century, though did at that point not claim religious authority beyond their own borders.