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Recent extensive surveys of archaea presence in the animal gut, based on 16S rRNA analysis, have provided a comprehensive view of archaea diversity and abundance. [27] [28] [29] These studies revealed that only a few archaeal lineages are present, with the majority being methanogens, while non-methanogenic archaea are rare and not abundant ...
Eventually, the acetic acids can be fermented by different methanogenic bacteria to produce methane. [4] The product of Methanobacteria in human body can be used to test diseases. Methane in breath is produced by anaerobic methanobacteria in human colon as a metabolic end product. [5]
Methanobrevibacter smithii is an anaerobic archaea which enjoys colonizing the colon and rectum thanks to its anaerobic environment, optimal pH (6.5-7), and slow transit time. [4] [5] M. smithii is the most common methanogenic archaeon in the human gut microbiota.
In one study of the feces of nine adults, five of the samples contained archaea capable of producing methane. [13] Similar results are found in samples of gas obtained from within the rectum. Even among humans whose flatus does contain methane, the amount is in the range of 10% or less of the total amount of gas. [14]
Euryarchaeota (from Ancient Greek εὐρύς eurús, "broad, wide") is a kingdom of archaea. [3] Euryarchaeota are highly diverse and include methanogens, which produce methane and are often found in intestines; halobacteria, which survive extreme concentrations of salt; and some extremely thermophilic aerobes and anaerobes, which generally live at temperatures between 41 and 122 °C.
Methanobrevibacter oralis is a methanogenic archaeon species considered to be a member of the human microbiota, mainly associated to the oral cavity. M. oralis is a coccobacillary shaped, single-cell, Gram-positive, non-motile microorganism of the Archaea domain of life. [1]
Methanosarcinales is an order of Archaea in the class Methanomicrobia, phylum Methanobacteriota. [1] The order Methanosarcinales contains both methanogenic and methanotrophic lineages, although the latter have so far no pure culture representatives. [2]
Methanocaldococcus jannaschii (formerly Methanococcus jannaschii) is a thermophilic methanogenic archaean in the class Methanococci. It was the first archaeon, and third organism, to have its complete genome sequenced. [1] The sequencing identified many genes unique to the archaea.