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In the natural sciences, a vector quantity (also known as a vector physical quantity, physical vector, or simply vector) is a vector-valued physical quantity. [9] [10] It is typically formulated as the product of a unit of measurement and a vector numerical value (), often a Euclidean vector with magnitude and direction.
Of these, the most commonly used vectors are plasmids. [2] Common to all engineered vectors are an origin of replication , a multicloning site , and a selectable marker . The vector itself generally carries a DNA sequence that consists of an insert (in this case the transgene ) and a larger sequence that serves as the "backbone" of the vector.
In mathematics and physics, vector notation is a commonly used notation for representing vectors, [1] [2] which may be Euclidean vectors, or more generally, members of a vector space. For denoting a vector, the common typographic convention is lower case, upright boldface type, as in v .
Vector calculus or vector analysis is a branch of mathematics concerned with the differentiation and integration of vector fields, primarily in three-dimensional Euclidean space, . [1] The term vector calculus is sometimes used as a synonym for the broader subject of multivariable calculus, which spans vector calculus as well as partial differentiation and multiple integration.
Viral vectors are employed for cellular reprogramming, like inducing pluripotent stem cells or differentiating adult somatic cells into different cell types. [9] Researchers also use viral vectors to create transgenic mice and rats for experiments. [10] Viral vectors can be used for in vivo imaging via the introduction of a reporter gene.
Dope vector, a data structure used to store information about an array; Feature vector, an n-dimensional vector of numerical features that represent some object; Interrupt vector, the location in memory of an interrupt handling routine; Initialization vector, a fixed-size input to a cryptographic primitive; Vector clock, an algorithm
They are the standard cloning vectors and the ones most commonly used. Most general plasmids may be used to clone DNA inserts of up to 15 kb in size. One of the earliest commonly used cloning vectors is the pBR322 plasmid. Other cloning vectors include the pUC series of plasmids, and a large number of different cloning plasmid vectors are ...
How vectors work to transfer genetic material. Gene therapy utilizes the delivery of DNA into cells, which can be accomplished by several methods, summarized below. The two major classes of methods are those that use recombinant viruses (sometimes called biological nanoparticles or viral vectors) and those that use naked DNA or DNA complexes (non-viral methods).