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The evolution of Hawaiian volcanoes occurs in several stages of growth and decline. The fifteen volcanoes that make up the eight principal islands of Hawaii are the youngest in a chain of more than 129 volcanoes that stretch 5,800 kilometers (3,600 mi) across the North Pacific Ocean , called the Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain . [ 1 ]
The Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain is a series of volcanoes and seamounts extending about 6,200 km (3,900 mi) across the Pacific Ocean. [ n 1 ] The chain was produced by the movement of the ocean crust over the Hawaiʻi hotspot , an upwelling of hot rock from the Earth's mantle .
A Hawaiian eruption is a type of volcanic eruption where lava flows from the vent in a relatively gentle, low level eruption; it is so named because it is characteristic of Hawaiian volcanoes. Typically they are effusive eruptions , with basaltic magmas of low viscosity , low content of gases, and high temperature at the vent.
Pages in category "Volcanoes of Hawaii" ... Evolution of Hawaiian volcanoes; H. Hawaiian Volcano Observatory; Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain; K. Kahauloa Crater;
Geochemical evidence from Kamaʻehuakanaloa's lavas indicates that Kamaʻehuakanaloa is in transition between the preshield and shield volcano stage, providing valuable clues to the early development of Hawaiian volcanoes. In the preshield stage, Hawaiian volcanoes have steeper sides and a lower level of activity, producing an alkali basalt lava.
The volcano, considered to be one of the most active in the world, began erupting Sunday afternoon “in its summit crater with multiple lava fountains feeding a lake of molten rock,” a press ...
The main shield-building stage of volcanism ended about 470,000 years ago. The summit of the shield volcano was once 800 feet (250 m) above sea level, but subsided below sea level between 435,000 and 365,000 years ago. [1] Māhukona is the oldest volcano to build Hawaiʻi island, older than Kohala and Mauna Kea. [2]
Hualālai (pronounced [huwəˈlaːlɐi] in Hawaiian) is an active volcano on the island of Hawaiʻi in the Hawaiian Islands. [4] It is the westernmost, third-youngest and the third-most active of the five volcanoes that form the island of Hawaiʻi, following Kīlauea and the much larger Mauna Loa.