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IRF4 is an essential regulatory component at various stages of B cell development. In early B cell development, IRF4 functions alongside IRF8 to induce the expression of the Ikaros and Aiolos transcription factors, which decrease expression of the pre-B-cell-receptor. [9]
Interferon regulatory factors (IRF) are proteins which regulate transcription of interferons (see regulation of gene expression). [1] Interferon regulatory factors contain a conserved N-terminal region of about 120 amino acids, which folds into a structure that binds specifically to the IRF-element (IRF-E) motifs, which is located upstream of the interferon genes. [2]
Function. PRDM1/BLIMP-1 is a master transcription factor regulating downstream cytokines. It is activated by TLRs and IRF-4, and is crucial in T cell, B cell, and ...
IRF4 binds to the promoter of Il-9 gene in T H 9 cells and it is dependent on STAT6. [14] BATF has been also shown to bind to the Il-9 gene promoter and to activate Il-9gene transcription. [14] PU.1 works by directly binding to the promoter of Il-9 gene and attract chromatin-modifying enzymes which reinforce Il9-gene transcription. [5] [2]
The upregulation of the NF-kB signaling pathway results in greater expression of IRF4, a transcription factor that is essential for plasma cell differentiation. [6] The progression of the germinal center response results in plasma cells that secrete higher affinity antibodies having an increased lifespan and being sent to the bone marrow. [5]
IRF3 is a member of the interferon regulatory transcription factor (IRF) family. [5] IRF3 was originally discovered as a homolog of IRF1 and IRF2.IRF3 has been further characterized and shown to contain several functional domains including a nuclear export signal, a DNA-binding domain, a C-terminal IRF association domain and several regulatory phosphorylation sites. [6]
Function [ edit ] IRF5 is a member of the interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family, a group of transcription factors with diverse roles, including virus-mediated activation of interferon, and modulation of cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and immune system activity.
Pediatric-type follicular lymphoma (PTFL) is a disease in which malignant B-cells (i.e. a lymphocyte subtype originating from the bone marrow) accumulate in, overcrowd, and cause the expansion of the lymphoid follicles in, and thereby enlargement of the lymph nodes in the head and neck regions [1] and, less commonly, groin and armpit regions. [2]