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The Bull Headed Lyre is one of the oldest string instruments ever discovered. The lyre was excavated in the Royal Cemetery at Ur during the 1926–1927 season of an archeological dig carried out in what is now Iraq jointly by the University of Pennsylvania and the British Museum. Leonard Woolley led the excavations.
The "Golden Lyre of Ur" or "Bull's Lyre" is the finest lyre, and was given to the Iraq Museum in Baghdad. [10] Its reconstructed wooden body was damaged due to flooding during the Second Iraqi War; [11] [7] a replica of it is being played as part of a touring ensemble. [2] The "Golden Lyre" got its name because the whole head of the bull is ...
Yet another lyre incorporated various materials including wood, shell, lapis lazuli, red stone, silver and gold. The lyres found at Ur often included the representation of animals including a cow, stag, bearded bull, and a calf. Of particular note is the Bull-headed lyre from PG 789, also referred to as the "King's Grave".
The earliest reference to the word "lyre" is the Mycenaean Greek ru-ra-ta-e, meaning "lyrists" and written in the Linear B script. [5] In classical Greek, the word "lyre" could either refer specifically to an amateur instrument, which is a smaller version of the professional cithara and eastern-Aegean barbiton, or "lyre" can refer generally to all three instruments as a family. [6]
Scorpion-men appear in the visual arts of Mesopotamia and ancient Iran before we know them from literature. Among the earliest representations of scorpion-men are an example from Jiroft in Iran, [5] as well as a depiction on the Bull Lyre [6] from the Early Dynastic Period city of Ur. Drawing of an Assyrian intaglio depicting scorpion men.
These, in turn, are differentiated into three groups: those with the head of Pallas and the rooster (916-918), those with the head of Apollo and the man-headed bull, that is, a bull with a human face, surmounted by the lyre (919-953) or by a star (954-967), or with nothing (968), and those in which above the man-headed bull is depicted a winged ...
English: The Great Golden Lyre from Ur, Mesopotamia, Iraq. The bull's head is a replica; the original head is stored and is not on display. Early Dynastic III, c ...
A bull is an intact (i.e., not castrated) ... they curve outwards in a flat arc rather than upwards in a lyre shape. It is not true, as is commonly believed, ...