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Nitrogen gas is an industrial gas produced by the fractional distillation of liquid air, or by mechanical means using gaseous air (pressurised reverse osmosis membrane or pressure swing adsorption). Nitrogen gas generators using membranes or pressure swing adsorption (PSA) are typically more cost and energy efficient than bulk-delivered ...
Liquid nitrogen's efficiency as a coolant is limited by the fact that it boils immediately on contact with a warmer object, enveloping the object in an insulating layer of nitrogen gas bubbles. This effect, known as the Leidenfrost effect , occurs when any liquid comes in contact with a surface which is significantly hotter than its boiling point.
Thermophysical properties are characteristics that control the diurnal, seasonal, or climatic surface and subsurface temperature variations (or thermal curves) of a material. The most important thermophysical property is thermal inertia , which controls the amplitude of the thermal curve and albedo (or reflectivity ), which controls the average ...
On the other hand, some constants, such as K f (the freezing point depression constant, or cryoscopic constant), depend on the identity of a substance, and so may be considered to describe the state of a system, and therefore may be considered physical properties. "Specific" properties are expressed on a per mass basis.
As quoted from this source in an online version of: J.A. Dean (ed), Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (15th Edition), McGraw-Hill, 1999; Section 4; Table 4.1, Electronic Configuration and Properties of the Elements Touloukian, Y. S., Thermophysical Properties of Matter, Vol. 12, Thermal Expansion, Plenum, New York, 1975.
Nitrogen (300 K, 1 atm) 22 [14] Air (300 K) 19 [15] Steel, AISI 1010 (0.1% carbon) 18.8 [19] Aluminium oxide (polycrystalline) 12.0 Steel, 1% carbon: 11.72: Si 3 N 4 with CNTs 26 °C 9.142 [20] Si 3 N 4 without CNTs 26 °C 8.605 [20] Steel, stainless 304A at 27 °C: 4.2 [15] Pyrolytic graphite, normal to layers 3.6 Steel, stainless 310 at 25 ...
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Thermophysical properties of matter and the kinetics of interaction and energy exchange among the principal carriers are based on the atomic-level configuration and interaction. [1] Transport properties such as thermal conductivity are calculated from these atomic-level properties using classical and quantum physics .