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Both Americans and Europeans have historically called Native Americans "Red Indians". The term was largely used in the 18th to 20th centuries, partially based on the color metaphors for race which colonists and settlers historically used in North America and Europe, and also to distinguish Native Americans from the Indian people of India.
Public protest of the name began in 1968, with a resolution by the National Congress of American Indians. [58] Native American groups and their supporters argue that since they view the word redskin as offensive, it is inappropriate for an NFL team to continue to use it, regardless of whether any offense is intended. [25] [59] [60]
The survey of Native American opinion most frequently cited by opponents of change was performed in 2004 as part of the National Annenberg Election Survey.Among other questions about election-year issues, respondents who identified themselves as Native American were asked: "The professional football team in Washington calls itself the Washington Redskins.
Chief Seattle was the first Native American leader to sign the Point Elliot Treaty, which was an agreement between the U.S. government and the Native Americans to give the U.S. government land ...
Documents from the colonial period indicate that the use of "red" as an identifier by Native Americans for themselves emerged in the context of Indian-European diplomacy in the southeastern region of North America, before later being adopted by Europeans and becoming a generic label for all Native Americans.
Through the decades of protest, team representatives defended both the name and logo as part of their tradition, with no intention to disparage Native Americans. The Cleveland Indians officially announced on July 3, 2020, that the club would review its name in the wake of nationwide protests against the murder of George Floyd. [3]
X is one of the five mtDNA haplogroups found in Indigenous Americans. Native Americans mostly belong to the X2a clade, which has never been found in the Old World. [87] According to Jennifer Raff, X2a probably originated in the same Siberian population as the other four founding maternal lineages. [88]
Aztecs were the largest single Native American group in the 2020 census, while Cherokee was the largest group in combination with any other race. [257] Tribes have established their criteria for membership, which are often based on blood quantum, lineal descent, or residency. A minority of Native Americans live in land units called Indian ...