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In Semitic linguistics, the elative (Arabic: اِسْمُ تَفْضِيل ismu tafḍīl, literally meaning "noun of preference") is a stage of gradation that can be used to express comparatives or superlatives. The Arabic elative has a special inflection similar to that of colour and defect adjectives but differs in the
Arabic nouns and adjectives are declined according to case, state, gender and number. While this is strictly true in Classical Arabic, in colloquial or spoken Arabic, there are a number of simplifications such as loss of certain final vowels and loss of case. A number of derivational processes exist for forming new nouns and adjectives.
The comparative degrees are frequently associated with adjectives and adverbs because these words take the -er suffix or modifying word more or less. (e.g., faster, more intelligent, less wasteful). Comparison can also, however, appear when no adjective or adverb is present, for instance with nouns (e.g., more men than women).
There are no separate comparative and superlative forms but the elative is used in both cases. [33] The elative is formed by adding a hamza at the beginning of the adjective and replace the vowels by "a" (pattern: أفعل ʾafʕal / aCCaC). [20] Adjective endings in ي (i) and و (u) are changed into ی (a).
In Classical Arabic and Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), nouns and adjectives ( اِسْمٌ ism) are declined, according to case (i‘rāb), state (definiteness), gender and number. In colloquial or spoken Arabic, there are a number of simplifications such as the loss of certain final vowels and the loss of case. A number of derivational ...
Adjective-Noun Compounds: Adjective-noun compounds involve the combination where an adjective modifies a noun. This construction can be found in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), as well as in other Arabic dialects. [8] In MSA, examples of such combinations like "خفيف+الظل" (xafiif + ðˤ-ðˤill) meaning "a funny person." [9]: 547 [10]
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The Arabic grammatical terminology for this construction derives from the verb أضاف ʼaḍāfa "he added, attached", verb form IV from the hollow root ض ي ف ḍ y f. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] The whole phrase consisting of a noun and a genitive is known in Arabic as إضافة iḍāfah ("annexation, addition") and in English as the "genitive ...