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Latihan kejiwaan (or simply latihan) means "spiritual exercise" or "training of the spirit". [4] This exercise is not thought about, learned or trained for; it is unique for each person and the ability to 'receive' it is passed on by being in the presence of another person who already practises it at the 'opening'.
The art contains twelve forms (kata) and were developed in part by Shimizu Takaji and by a committee tasked with the creation of a compact Jōdō system to be taught mainly in Kendo dojos. [1] The result was the Zen Ken Renmei Seitei Jōdō system containing twelve forms ( kata )and twelve basic techniques ( kihon ).
Kihon (基本, きほん) is a Japanese term meaning "basics" or "fundamentals." The term is used to refer to the basic techniques that are taught and practiced as the foundation of most Japanese martial arts.
The kata were finished and introduced in 1941 in order to promote a basic and standard kata across a majority of Okinawan Karate styles, however only some styles continue to practice both, or one of these kata. [citation needed] There are two additional versions with limited acceptance, both described as the "third" Fukyugata:
Because of this, it is a very common kata in tournaments and seen as method of testing the competitors knowledge, spirit and skill. Per Bruce Clayton in his book, Shotokan's Secret , Unsu was created by Seisho Arakaki sometime around 1860-1870.
Three more kata were added in 1981 and two more in 2000, increasing the number of seitei iaido kata to the current twelve. These kata are officially known as the "All Japan Kendo Federation Iai" (全日本剣道連盟居合, Zen Nippon Kendō Renmei Iai), or Zen Ken Ren Iai (全剣連居合) and commonly referred to as seitei or seitei-gata. [1]
Shisochin (四向戦) is a kata of naha-te karate style, whose authorship has been mentioned as Kanryo Higaonna. [1]There are two theories that explain the origins of kata shisochin: the first suggests that the shape or style comes from white heron or the Tiger, Shaolin kung fu, the other it is from mantis style.
Gojūshiho (五十四歩, lit. 54 steps) is a kata practiced in karate. Gojushiho was developed by Sokon Matsumura, one of the key founders of Okinawan martial arts and named it "Uesheishi", which literally means 54 methods in Chinese. In some styles of karate, there are two versions of this kata - Gojūshiho Shō and Gojūshiho Dai.