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Ferritic stainless steels [2] [3] are a family of stainless steels [4] with a body-centered cubic (BCC) crystal structure and composed primarily of iron and chromium. They are characterized by being magnetic, non-hardenable by heat treating, and having excellent resistance to stress-corrosion cracking (SCC).
The largest use of stainless steel in cars is the exhaust line. Environment protection requirements aimed at reducing pollution and noise for the entirety of a car's lifespan led to the use of ferritic stainless steels (typically AISI409/409Cb in North America, EN1.4511 and 1.4512 in Europe).
Martensitic, duplex and ferritic stainless steels are magnetic, while austenitic stainless steel is usually non-magnetic. [12] Ferritic steel owes its magnetism to its body-centered cubic crystal structure, in which iron atoms are arranged in cubes (with one iron atom at each corner) and an additional iron atom in the center. This central iron ...
Martensitic stainless steels can be high- or low-carbon steels built around the composition of iron, 12% up to 17% chromium, carbon from 0.10% (Type 410) up to 1.2% (Type 440C): [8] The chromium and carbon contents are balanced to have a martensitic structure.
Duplex stainless is widely used in the industry because it possesses excellent oxidation resistance but can have limited toughness due to its large ferritic grain size, and they have hardened, and embrittlement tendencies at temperatures ranging from 280 to 500 °C, especially at 475 °C, where spinodal decomposition of the supersaturated solid ...
Note: ferritic stainless steels do not retain strength at elevated temperatures and are not used when strength is required. Austenitic stainless steel can be tested by nondestructive testing using the dye penetrant inspection method but not the magnetic particle inspection method.
The gas used for plasma nitriding is usually pure nitrogen since no spontaneous decomposition is needed (as is the case of gaseous ferritic nitrocarburizing with ammonia). Due to the relatively low-temperature range (420 °C (788 °F) to 580 °C (1,076 °F)) generally applied during plasma-assisted ferritic nitrocarburizing and gentle cooling ...
Terne-coated stainless steel (TCS II or Roofinox), or copper is commonly used to replace terne metal roofs as either material will outlast terne metal. Terne-coated stainless steel roofing can last 100 years or more unpainted; copper roofing can last 50 years or more unpainted. [3] [4] Terne II used zinc in place of lead for environmental ...
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